Basic Microbiology

Auramine-Phenol Fluorochrome Staining: Introduction, Principle, Test Requirements, Test Procedure, Result- Interpretation, Limitations, and Keynotes

Introduction of Auramine-Phenol stain Auramine-Phenol is a fluorochrome stain used to visualize acid-fast structures of various microorganisms, especially Mycobacterium tuberculosis and in…

3 years ago

Cryptosporidium: Introduction, Classification, Morphology, Pathogenicity Lab Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, and Keynotes

Introduction of Cryptosporidium Cryptosporidium is a coccidian parasite that causes diarrhea called Cryptosporidiosis. It was discovered by medical parasitologist, Ernest…

3 years ago

ADA (Adenosine Deaminase) Test: Introduction, Principle, Test Requirements, Procedure, Normal Range, and Clinical Significance

Introduction of ADA (Adenosine Deaminase) Test ADA (Adenosine Deaminase) Test is very useful for suspicious cases of tuberculosis, increased levels of…

3 years ago

Vibrio cholerae Serotyping: Introduction, Principle, Test Requirements, Test Procedure, Result- Interpretation and Keynotes

Introduction of Vibrio cholerae Serotyping Vibrio Serotyping helps to differentiate serotypes of Vibrio. Serotypes refer to separate groups within a species of microorganisms…

3 years ago

Haemophilus Serotyping: Introduction, Principle, Test Requirements, Test Procedure, Result-Interpretation, Limitations, and Keynotes

Introduction of Haemophilus Serotyping Haemophilus Serotyping helps to differentiate serotypes of Haemophilus influenzae. Serotypes refer to separate groups within a species of microorganisms…

3 years ago

Shigella Serotyping: Introduction, Principle, Test Requirements, Test Procedure, Result-Interpretation, and Keynotes

Introduction of Shigella Serotyping Shigella Serotyping helps to differentiate serotypes of Shigella. Serotypes refer to separate groups within a species of microorganisms that…

3 years ago

Widal Test: Introduction, Principle, Test Requirement, Procedure, Result- Interpretation, and Limitations

Introduction of Widal Test The Widal test is an agglutination test employed in the serological diagnosis of enteric fever. It…

3 years ago

Salmonella Serotyping: Introduction, Serotypes and Risk Factors of Salmonella Infection

Salmonella Serotyping Serotyping is a type of epidemiological marker. It works on the principle of agglutination. agglutination or clumping: Positive…

3 years ago

Antinuclear Antibody (ANA)Test: Introduction, Principle, Procedure, Result Interpretation, Clinical Significance, and Keynotes

Introduction of Antinuclear Antibody (ANA)Test The antinuclear antibody (ANA)test is a type of blood test in which serum tested for autoantibodies (…

3 years ago

GeneXpert Test For Tuberculosis: Introduction, Principle, Test Requirements, Test Procedure, Result -Interpretation, Advantages, Disadvantage, and Keynotes

Introduction of GeneXpert Test GeneXpert test is a molecular test for tuberculosis diagnosis by detecting the presence of  Mycobacterium tuberculosis (bacteria), as well…

3 years ago