Basic Microbiology

Histoplasma-Antigen Testing: Introduction, Principle, Clinical Significance, and Keynotes

Introduction Histoplasma capsulatum is a dimorphic fungus responsible for histoplasmosis, an endemic mycosis prevalent in parts of North and Central…

7 months ago

Molds E-Test: Introduction, Principle, Clinical Significance, and Keynotes

Introduction Mold infections caused by species such as Aspergillus, Fusarium, Scedosporium, and Mucorales are increasingly common, especially in immunocompromised and…

7 months ago

Aspergillus-Antigen Testing:Introduction, Principle, Clinical Significance, and Keynotes

Introduction Aspergillus species, particularly Aspergillus fumigatus, are major causes of invasive aspergillosis (IA), especially in immunocompromised patients, such as those…

7 months ago

Yeast Identification by MALDI-TOF (BRUKER): Introduction, Principle, Clinical Significance, and Keynotes

Introduction Yeast infections, particularly those caused by Candida, Cryptococcus, and other opportunistic yeasts, are significant in immunocompromised and oncology patients.…

7 months ago

Yeasts E-Test: Introduction, Principle, Clinical Significance, and Keynotes

Introduction Yeast infections, particularly caused by Candida and Cryptococcus species, are a major clinical challenge, especially in immunocompromised patients. Rapid…

7 months ago

Yeasts-Broth Microdilution Testing (CLSI): Introduction, Principle, Clinical Significance, and Keynotes

Introduction Yeast infections, particularly those caused by Candida and Cryptococcus species, are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, especially…

7 months ago

Multiplex PCR Assay-Directly on Blood for Fungi: Introduction, Principle, Clinical Significance, and Keynotes

Introduction Fungal bloodstream infections (fungemia) are life-threatening, especially in immunocompromised and oncology patients. Conventional methods like blood culture are slow,…

7 months ago

β-D-Glucan: Introduction, Principle, Clinical Significance, and Keynotes

Introduction β-D-Glucan (BDG) is a polysaccharide component of the fungal cell wall, widely present in species such as Candida, Aspergillus,…

7 months ago

Blastomyces-Antigen Testing: Introduction, Principle, Clinical Significance, and Keynotes

Introduction Blastomyces dermatitidis is a dimorphic fungus responsible for blastomycosis, a potentially life-threatening systemic mycosis. It is often found in…

7 months ago

Throat Swab Gram stain: Introduction, Report-Interpretation, Clinical Significance, and Keynotes

Introduction Fig. Throat swab Gram stain photomicrograph at a magnification of 1000X A throat swab Gram stain is a rapid,…

7 months ago