All Notes

Cytology: Definition, Collection of Various Cells, and Short Description

Definition of Cytology

Cytology is the branch of biology and medicine concerned with the structure and function of animal and plant cells. But here we discuss human haploid cells (spermatozoon and ovum/egg), zygotes, blastomeres, bacterial cells, unicellular parasitic cells, yeasts, etc.

Collection of Various Cells

Short Description

Human egg

The human egg cell, also called ovum (plural ova) is a haploid cell having 23 chromosomes. It is the female reproductive cell, or gamete having a size of approximately 120 μm.

Human sperm

It is also called spermatozoon ( pleural spermatozoa) a motile sperm cell or moving form of the haploid cell (having 23 chromosomes) that is the male gamete. A spermatozoon unites an ovum to form a zygote.

Fig. Human sperms in a wet mount of semen microscopy at a magnification of 2000X

Fig. Eight- Cell Embryo-Blastomeres

Bacterial cell

Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms. The cell structure is simpler than that of other microbes as there is the absence of a well-defined nucleus or membrane-bound organelles and chromosomes composed of a single closed DNA circle.

Yeast cells

Yeasts are eukaryotic, single-celled microorganisms that come under the fungus kingdom. Yeast cells of Candida are rounded to oval, 3–8 μm in diameter while Cryptococcus is 5 to 10 µm.

Fig. Yeast cells of Candida albicans in Gram-stained smear of culture Microscopy at a magnification of 1000X
Fig. Yeast cells of Cryptococcus neoformans in Gram-stained smear of culture Microscopy at a magnification of 4000X

Contd…

Medical Lab Notes

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