Haematology Test: Introduction, Group of Tests, Description, and Keynotes

Introduction of Haematology Test

Hematology tests are a group of laboratory tests that evaluate blood and blood-forming tissues. They are commonly used to diagnose and monitor conditions related to the blood, such as anemia, leukemia, and clotting disorders. These tests are typically performed on a sample of blood collected from a vein in the arm, although some tests may require a different sample, such as a bone marrow sample.

Hematology tests can measure various components of the blood, such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, as well as the amount of hemoglobin and other substances in the blood. The results of these tests can help healthcare providers diagnose and monitor various conditions and determine the most appropriate treatment.

Some common hematology tests include:

• Complete blood count (CBC): This test measures the number and types of blood cells present in the blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
• Hemoglobin and hematocrit tests: These tests measure the amount of hemoglobin and red blood cells in the blood and can help diagnose anemia.
• Blood smear: This test involves examining a sample of blood under a microscope to evaluate the size, shape, and number of blood cells.
• Coagulation tests: These tests measure the blood’s ability to clot and can help diagnose clotting disorders.
• Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy: These tests involve collecting a sample of bone marrow from a bone in the body, such as the hip bone, to evaluate the blood-forming tissues.

Group of Haematology Test

1. Haematology
2. Differential Leukocyte Count
3. Haematology-2
4. Haematology-3
5. Extended DLC

Haematology

It contains the following parameters-

• Haemaglobin
• Total Leukocyte Count
• ESR
• RBC Count
• Packed cell volume (PCV)/Haematocrt (HCT)
• MCV
• MCH
• MCHC
• Platelet Count
• Red cell distribution width
• MPV
• PBS
• Malarial Parasites
• Blood group
• Sickle cell test
• CD4and CD8 count
• Malarial parasite (Thick and thin smear)
• Cryoglobulins, qualitative
• PCT

Differential Leukocytes Count

• Neutrophil
• Lymphocyte
• Monocyte
• Eosinophil
• Basophil
• Band Neutrophil
• Metamyelocyte
• Myelocyte
• Promyelocyte
• Lymphoblast
• Atypical Lymphocyte
• Promonocyte
• Monoblast
• Platelet in smear
• Abnormal Cells
• RBC Morphology
• Haematology-2
• AEC
• ANC
• Blood smear for Microfilaria
• Reticulocyte Count
• Absolute monocyte count
• Absolute basophil count

Haematology-3

• DCT
• ICT
• Bone marrow Aspiration
• Paroxysmal Nocturnal Haemoglobinurea
• Haemoglobin electrophoresis
• Osmotic fragility Test

Extended DLC

• Band Neutrophil
• Metamyelocyte
• Myelocyte
• Promyelocyte
• Myeloblast
• Blast cell
• Prolymphocyte
• Lymphoblast
• Atypical Lymphocyte
• Promonocyte
• Monoblast

Groups of Haematology Tests -Source: LabMate Software

Keynotes on Haematology Test

Hematology is the study of blood and blood-forming tissues, and a hematology test is a laboratory test that analyzes different components of blood to help diagnose and monitor medical conditions.

Some keynotes on hematology tests include:

1. Complete Blood Count (CBC): This test measures the number and types of blood cells in a person’s body, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It can help diagnose conditions such as anemia, infections, and blood disorders.
2. Blood Smear: This test involves examining a sample of blood under a microscope to look for abnormalities in the shape and structure of blood cells. It can help diagnose blood disorders such as leukemia and malaria.
3. Coagulation Tests: These tests measure the body’s ability to form blood clots, which is important for wound healing and preventing excessive bleeding. They can help diagnose bleeding disorders such as hemophilia and monitor the effectiveness of anticoagulant medications.
4. Blood Chemistry Tests: These tests measure the levels of different substances in the blood, such as glucose, electrolytes, and enzymes. They can help diagnose conditions such as diabetes, liver disease, and kidney disease.
5. Bone Marrow Aspiration and Biopsy: These tests involve taking a sample of bone marrow tissue from the hipbone to examine under a microscope. They can help diagnose blood disorders such as leukemia and lymphoma.

Overall, hematology tests are important tools for diagnosing and monitoring a wide range of medical conditions related to blood and blood-forming tissues. It’s essential to discuss the results of any hematology test with a healthcare provider to fully understand their implications and take appropriate actions if necessary.

Further Readings

1. Clinical Hematology Atlas-Jacqueline H. Carr, Bernadette F. Rodak
2. Diagnostic Hematology-Bernadette F. Rodak
3. Hematology: Clinical Principles and Applications-Bernadette F. Rodak, George A. Fritsma, Kathryn Doig
4. Clinical Hematology-Neal S. Young, Stanton L. Gerson, Katherine A. High
5. Bethesda Handbook of Clinical Hematology-Griffin P. Rodgers, Neal S. Young
6. Wintrobe’s Atlas of Clinical Hematology-Babette Weksler
7. Atlas of Bone Marrow Pathology-Tracy I. George, Daniel A. Arber
8. Atlas of Peripheral Blood: The Primary Diagnostic Tool-Irma Pereira, Tracy I. George, Daniel A. Arber
9. Hematopathology-Elaine Sarkin Jaffe, Daniel A. Arber, Elias MD Campo, Leticia Quintanilla-Martinez, Nancy Lee L. Harris