Introduction of Histopathology and Cytopathology Laboratory
Table of Contents
Histopathology/histology is the branch of medical science that involves the examination of sampled whole tissues under a microscope. The size of the histopathological specimens is of three types, small, medium, and large. An autopsy is also called a post-mortem examination and it is a specialized surgical procedure applied to determine the cause and manner of death whereas a biopsy is the removal of tissue from any part of the living body to examine it for disease. Cytology/cytopathology involves examining cells from bodily tissues or fluids to determine a diagnosis Some common types of cytology tests are gynecologic cytology (PAP smear), urinary cytology (urine), breast cytology (nipple discharge), thyroid cytology, lymph node cytology, respiratory cytology (sputum), eye cytology and ear cytology. Histopathology and Cytopathology Laboratory is one the common Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine where above discussed specimens are processed to find out the clinical abnormal conditions.
Histopathology and Cytopathology List of Tests, Specimens, and Testing Method
| Test | Specimen | Method |
| Small Biopsy Histopathological Examination (H/E) | Tissue(1 cm) | Histopathology |
| Medium Biopsy Examination | Tissue (1-3 cm) | Histopathology |
| Large Biopsy Examination | Tissue ( >3 cm) | Histopathology |
| Body Fluid for Cytology (malignant cell) | Fluid ( 6 ml) | Microscopy |
| Liquid-Based Cytology (LBC)- Liqui-PREP Cytology | Swab in Thin Prep Vial( 1 vial) | Cytology |
| Pap smear | Two slides | Cytology |
Keynotes on Histopathology and Cytopathology Laboratory
- Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is intervention cytology and is useful in conditions like cysts and nodules or masses under the skin, enlarged lymph nodes, and pleural and pericardial fluid analysis.
- Exfoliative cytology is a branch of cytology in which the cells that a pathologist examines are either “shed” by the body naturally (e.g. sputum, urine, vaginal or nipple discharge) or are manually scraped or brushed (exfoliated) from the surface of the body tissue (Pap smear, gastrointestinal tract specimens during an endoscopy).
- Common specimens for cytology are cervix (mention last menstrual period-LMP), sputum, bone marrow, and FNAC.
Specimens in Histopathology and Cytopathology Laboratory
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