Antimicrobial stewardship

Acinetobacter baumannii-Introduction, Morphology, Pathogenicity, Lab Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, and Keynotes

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Acinetobacter baumannii in Gram staining of sputum

Introduction Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative, non-fermenting, aerobic coccobacillus. It is an opportunistic pathogen increasingly associated with nosocomial infections, particularly in critically ill or immunocompromised patients. Notorious for its antibiotic resistance, it has become a major global health concern, particularly in ICU settings. Morphology Pathogenicity …

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Bloodstream Infections(BSI): Introduction, Types, Sign and Symptoms, Common Pathogens, Laboratory Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Control, and Keynotes

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Introduction Bloodstream infections (BSI), also known as bacteremia or septicemia, are serious medical conditions characterized by the presence of bacteria or other pathogens in the bloodstream. This condition can lead to severe health complications and even be life-threatening if not promptly diagnosed and treated. Bloodstream …

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Enterococcus faecium: Introduction, Morphology, Pathogenicity, Lab Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, and Keynotes

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Gram positive cocci in singles, pairs and chains of Enterococcus faecium in Gram staining of culture microscopy

Introduction Enterococcus faecium is a bacterium that belongs to the Enterococcus genus, which is a part of the Firmicutes phylum. It is a Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic coccus, typically occurring in pairs or short chains. Enterococci are commensal bacteria commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract of …

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Pus Culture and Sensitivity: Introduction, Report, Clinical Significance, Common Pathogens, and Keynotes

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Introduction Pus culture and sensitivity is a diagnostic test commonly performed in medical settings to identify and analyze the microorganisms present in a wound, abscess, or other sources of pus. Pus is a thick, yellowish or greenish fluid that accumulates at the site of infection …

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Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL): Introduction, List of Bacteria, Pathogenicity, Symptoms, Lab Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, and Keynotes

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Extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) detection using Double-Disc Synergy Test (DDST)

Introduction ESBL stands for Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase. It refers to a group of enzymes produced by certain types of bacteria that can break down and inactivate a broad range of antibiotics called beta-lactams. Beta-lactams include commonly used antibiotics like penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems. ESBL-producing bacteria are …

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Staphylococcus lentus: Introduction, Morphology, Pathogenicity, Lab Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, and Keynotes

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Serratia ficaria on CLED Agar of Urine Culture

Introduction Staphylococcus lentus is a species of Gram-positive bacteria belonging to the genus Staphylococcus. It is classified as a coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CoNS), which means it does not produce the enzyme coagulase. CoNS are commonly found as part of the normal human skin and mucous membrane …

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Serratia fonticola: Introduction, Morphology, Pathogenicity, Lab Diagnosis, Treatment,Prevention, and Keynotes

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Gram negative bacilli or rods of Serratia fonticola in Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) sample Gram staining

Introduction Serratia fonticola is a Gram-negative bacterium that belongs to the genus Serratia. It was first isolated and described in 1998 from water samples in a freshwater spring in California, USA. Since its discovery, S. fonticola has been identified in various environmental sources, including soil, …

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