Introduction N95 and KN95 masks are high-filtration Filtering Facepiece Respirators (FFRs) designed to protect wearers from airborne particulates. Both are…
Introduction Alcaligenes faecalis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium primarily found in water and soil, but also as a commensal…
Introduction Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) and Healthcare Waste Management (HCWM) are critical systems used to minimize the spread of…
Introduction Orientia and Rickettsia are two closely related genera of bacteria within the family Rickettsiaceae. Both are small, gram-negative, obligate…
Introduction A Biosafety Officer (BSO) is a technical expert responsible for the strategic and integrated management of biological risks within…
Introduction The VITEK 2 System is an automated microbiology platform designed for the rapid identification (ID) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing…
Introduction First-Line Drug Susceptibility Testing (FL-DST or sometimes referred to in context as SL-DST when covering all first-line agents: Rifampicin,…
Introduction Second-line drug susceptibility testing (SL-DST) for tuberculosis is a crucial laboratory procedure designed to detect resistance to anti-TB drugs…