Immune response

IGRA (Interferon-Gamma Release Assay) Test-Introduction, Principle, Test Requirement, Procedure, Result-Interpretation, and Keynotes

Introduction An Interferon-Gamma Release Assay (IGRA) is a modern blood test used to identify if a person is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It…

1 month ago

Serpentine Cord: Introdction, Clinical Significance, and Keynotes

Introduction Fig. Serpentine cord or Cord factor or Trehalose dimycolate, TDM of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) in Ziehl-Neelsen Staining of…

2 months ago

Histoplasma-Antibody Testing: Introduction, Principle, Clinical Significance, and Keynotes

Introduction Histoplasma capsulatum is a dimorphic fungus responsible for histoplasmosis, a systemic mycosis prevalent in endemic regions such as the…

8 months ago

Aspergillus-Antibody Testing-Introduction, Types of Tests, Clinical Significance, Interpretation of Results, and Keynotes

Introduction Aspergillus antibody testing, specifically IgG and IgE, helps diagnose aspergillosis, particularly chronic pulmonary aspergillosis and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, by detecting…

1 year ago

Paracoccidioides-Antibody Testing: Introduction, Principle, Clinical Significance, and Keynotes

Introduction Paracoccidioides antibody testing detects antibodies against the Paracoccidioides species. It plays a vital role in diagnosing paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM). Additionally,…

1 year ago

Counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE): Introduction, Application, and Keynotes

Introduction Counterimmunoelectrophoresis is a rapid diagnostic technique in modern immunology laboratories and enhances timely results. Primarily, it separates antigens and…

1 year ago

Fungal Serology-Introduction, List of Tests, Application, and Keynotes

Introduction Fungal serology detects antibodies and antigens from fungal pathogens in blood samples. Moreover, it identifies immune responses to various…

1 year ago

Top 10 Viral Pathogens- List with Short Descriptions, and Footage

List of Top 10 Viral Pathogens Influenza Virus (Flu Virus) Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Hepatitis C…

1 year ago