Fungal infections represent a growing global health challenge, causing over 1.7 million deaths annually, with nearly 75% of cases remaining…
Introduction Aspergillus species, particularly Aspergillus fumigatus, are major causes of invasive aspergillosis (IA), especially in immunocompromised patients, such as those…
Introduction Fig. Candida colony morphology on Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) Fungal infections represent a growing concern in both immunocompromised and…
Introduction of Klebsiella ozaenae Klebsiella pneumoniae subspecies ozaenae (Klebsiella ozaenae) is a Gram-negative bacterium (GNB), primarily associated with atrophic rhinitis (ozena),…
Introduction Candida antibody testing measures immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, and IgM) antibodies in the blood to help detect current or past Candida…
Introduction Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a respiratory pathogen that affects children and older adults. Additionally, it belongs to the Paramyxoviridae…
Introduction Syncephalastrum is a genus of fungi belonging to the order Mucorales. It is characterized by its unique morphology and…