Introduction Invasive mold infections such as those caused by Aspergillus, Fusarium, Scedosporium, and Mucorales present significant clinical challenges, especially in…
Introduction The disk diffusion assay for molds is a standardized antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) method that evaluates the sensitivity or…
Introduction Fungal infections caused by yeasts, particularly Candida and Cryptococcus species, represent a significant clinical challenge in immunocompromised and critically…
Introduction Fig. Candida colony morphology on Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) Fungal infections represent a growing concern in both immunocompromised and…
Introduction Sulfonamide crystals are drug-induced urinary crystals that appear in patients receiving sulfonamide (sulfa) therapy, particularly when urine is acidic,…
Introduction Urate crystals, also referred to as uric acid crystals, are metabolic by-products of purine metabolism found in urine. They…
Introduction Fig. Collected Ascitic Fluid Ascitic fluid microscopy is a laboratory diagnostic method used to examine peritoneal (ascitic) fluid obtained…
Introduction Fig. Collected Pleural Fluid- Pleural fluid is the liquid collected from the pleural space between the lung and chest…