Introduction Urate crystals, also referred to as uric acid crystals, are metabolic by-products of purine metabolism found in urine. They…
Microscopic Observation Fig. Fungal element found in KOH mount of BAL from an immunocompromised host (Mag. 400X , further 4X…
Introduction Fungal identification plays a vital role in diagnosing infections. Mycologists use various methods to identify fungal species. Firstly, conventional…
Introduction Entamoeba histolytica is a protozoan parasite responsible for amoebic dysentery and amoebiasis. It primarily infects the intestinal tract, causing…
Introduction of India Ink preparation Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated yeast that causes cryptococcal meningitis, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. The…
Introduction Counting red blood cells (RBCs) using a Neubauer chamber, also known as a hemocytometer, is a manual technique commonly…
Introduction Stool routine examination, also known as a fecal routine or stool analysis, is a common medical test used to…
Introduction Urinalysis is a diagnostic medical test that involves the examination of urine to evaluate a person's health and detect…