Resistance Archives - Medical Notes

Second-Line Drug Susceptibility Testing (SL-DST) for Tuberculosis:Introduction, Principle, Procedure, Result-Interpretation, and Keynotes

May 5, 2026 by Medical Lab Notes

Phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using the BACTEC MGIT 960 system

Introduction Second-line drug susceptibility testing (SL-DST) for tuberculosis is a crucial laboratory procedure designed to detect resistance to anti-TB drugs used when first-line treatment fails (i.e., multidrug-resistant TB – MDR-TB). Principle SL-DST measures the susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to specific agents by determining the Critical …

Xpert MTB/RIF: Introduction, Principle, Procedure, Result-Interpretation, Uses, and Keynotes

May 4, 2026 by Medical Lab Notes

GeneXpert® Xpert® MTBRIF Test Result- MTB Detected (Very Low) and Rifampicin Resistance Not Detected

Introduction The Xpert MTB/RIF assay is an automated, cartridge-based molecular test used to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and rifampicin (RIF) resistance, the most potent first-line anti-TB drug. Endorsed by the WHO in 2010, the Xpert MTB/RIF assay revolutionized TB diagnosis by providing results in less than two …

Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra: Introduction, Principle, Procedure, Result-Interpretation, Uses, and Keynotes

May 3, 2026 by Medical Lab Notes

GeneXpert Dx System software interface displaying a completed diagnostic result for an Xpert MTB-RIF Ultra assay

Introduction Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra is an automated diagnostic test designed for the rapid and simultaneous detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and resistance to rifampin (RIF). It is a second-generation assay developed by Cepheid to provide significantly higher sensitivity than the original Xpert MTB/RIF, particularly for …

Line Probe Assay (LPA) for Tuberculosis -Introduction, Principle, Test Requirements, Procedure, Result-Interpretation, and Keynotes

March 16, 2026 by Medical Lab Notes

Introduction The Line Probe Assay (LPA) is a rapid molecular diagnostic test used to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) and its resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs. It identifies specific mutations in the genes associated with drug resistance by hybridizing amplified DNA onto membrane strips. The LPA is a …

Candida albicans MCQs Quiz-A Simple Set of Questionnaire for Examination

February 6, 2025February 6, 2025 by Medical Lab Notes

Introduction Below is a simple set of 15 multiple‐choice questions (MCQs) on Candida albicans designed as a quiz or examination questionnaire. Each question is provided with four answer choices, and the correct answer is indicated after each question. Candida albicans MCQs Quiz 1. Which species …

Cedecea davisae- Introduction, Morphology, Pathogenicity, Lab Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, and Keynotes

July 2, 2024July 2, 2024 by Medical Lab Notes

Cedecea in wet mount of culture microscopy

Introduction Cedecea davisae is a rare, opportunistic pathogen in the Enterobacteriaceae family. It was first isolated from a human wound. This bacterium can cause infections in immunocompromised individuals. It exhibits resistance to several antibiotics. It is often misidentified due to its rarity. However, proper laboratory …

Candidiasis-Introduction, Types, Signs and Symptoms, Causative Agent, Laboratory Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Control, and Keynotes

April 9, 2024 by Medical Lab Notes

Candida albicans growth on SDA after 2 days of incubation

Introduction Candidiasis is an infection caused by Candida fungi, commonly Candida albicans. These fungi naturally live on the skin and inside the body, like in the mouth, throat, gut, and vagina, without causing problems. However, if the environment inside the body changes or the immune …

Fusarium oxysporum: Introduction, Morphology, Pathogenicity, Lab Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, and Keynotes

July 28, 2023 by Medical Lab Notes

Introduction Fusarium oxysporum is a filamentous fungus belonging to the genus Fusarium. It is a widespread and economically significant plant pathogen that affects a wide range of crops, causing various diseases collectively known as “Fusarium wilt” or “Fusarium yellows.” This pathogen can infect over 100 …