Respiratory Tract Infections-Introduction, Types, Signs and Symptoms, Common Pathogens, Laboratory Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Control, and Keynotes

Respiratory Tract Infections-Introduction, Types, Signs and Symptoms, Common Pathogens, Laboratory Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Control, and Keynotes

Introduction Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are a group of illnesses that affect the respiratory system, which includes the organs and structures involved in breathing. These infections can range from mild to severe and may involve various parts of the respiratory tract, including the upper and …

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Salmonella Typhi IgM and IgG Tests-Introduction, Test Result, Test Method, Clinical Significance, and Keynotes

Salmonella Typhi IgM and IgG Tests-Introduction, Test Result, Test Method, Clinical Significance, and Keynotes

Introduction Salmonella Typhi IgM and IgG tests are diagnostic tools used to detect antibodies in the blood that are specific to the bacterium Salmonella Typhi. It is the causative agent of typhoid fever, a potentially serious and life-threatening illness. These tests play a crucial role …

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Enteroviruses: Introduction, Morphology, Pathogenicity, Lab Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, and Keynotes

Introduction Enteroviruses are a group of viruses that belong to the Picornaviridae family. They are a diverse group of viruses that can cause a wide range of illnesses, from mild cold-like symptoms to more serious diseases. Enteroviruses primarily infect the gastrointestinal tract and can spread …

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Moraxella catarrhalis: Introduction, Morphology, Pathogenicity, Lab Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, and Keynotes

Gram negative cocci in pairs (diplococci) of Moraxella catarrhalis in Gram staining of culture microscopy at a magnification

Introduction Moraxella catarrhalis is a Gram-negative, aerobic bacterium that belongs to the Moraxellaceae family. It is a non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium, and it is typically found in the upper respiratory tract of humans as a commensal organism. Though generally considered a commensal, M. catarrhalis can also …

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Varicella-Zoster Antibody, IgG Assay:Introduction, Test Result, Unit, Normal Range, Test Method, Clinical Significance, and Keynotes

Varicella-Zoster Antibody, IgG Assay:Introduction, Test Result, Unit, Normal Range, Test Method, Clinical Significance, and Keynotes

Introduction Varicella-zoster antibody, IgG assay, is a medical test used to measure the levels of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in the blood. VZV is the virus responsible for causing chickenpox (varicella) and can also re-emerge later in life as shingles (herpes …

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Neisseria meningitidis:Introduction, Morphology, Pathogenicity, Lab Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, and Keynotes

Introduction Neisseria meningitidis, commonly known as meningococcus, is a Gram-negative bacterium that is a leading cause of meningitis and septicemia (blood poisoning) worldwide. Meningitis is an infection that affects the meninges, which are the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. N.meningitidis can also …

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Haemophilus influenzae: Introduction, Morphology, Pathogenicity, Lab Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, and Keynotes

Introduction Haemophilus influenzae is a Gram-negative bacterium that was originally believed to be the causative agent of influenza (the flu). However, it was later discovered that H. influenzae is not related to the viral infection that causes influenza. Instead, this bacterium is known for causing …

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Salmonella Typhi IgM and IgG Test: Introduction, Test Report, Test Method, Clinical Significance, Keynotes

Salmonella rapid test

Introduction The Salmonella Typhi IgM and IgG test is a serological test used to detect antibodies produced by the immune system in response to Salmonella Typhi, the bacterium responsible for causing typhoid fever. This test helps in diagnosing and confirming cases of typhoid fever, a …

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