Triple Sugar Iron Agar Test
Table of Contents
The triple Sugar Iron (TSI) Agar test is a combo test and is useful for the identification of mainly gram-negative bacteria, on the basis of the following tests-
- fermenter or oxidizer or non-utilizer of carbohydrates like glucose, lactose, or sucrose
- production of hydrogen sulfide (H2S)
- formation of gas
Composition of Triple Sugar Iron Agar
Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSI) (Oxoid, England)
| Ingredients | gm/liter |
| Lab-lemco powder | 3.0 |
| Yeast Extract | 3.0 |
| Peptone | 20.0 |
| Lactose | 10.0 |
| Sucrose | 10.0 |
| Glucose | 1.0 |
| Ferric Citrate | 0.3 |
| Sodium Chloride | 5.0 |
| Sodium Thiosulphate | 0.3 |
| Phenol Red | 0.024 |
| Agar | 12.0 |
| Final pH (at 25ºC) | 7.4±0.2 |
Preparation of Triple Sugar Iron Agar
- Dissolve 65.0 grams of the medium in 1000 ml of distilled water.
- Sterilize by autoclaving at 115ºC pressure for 15 minutes.
- Allow the medium to set in slope form with a butt about 2.5 inches in length as shown above image.
Principle of Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) Agar Test
The Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) Agar contains casein and meat peptones, phenol red as the pH indicator, 0.1% glucose, 1% lactose, and 1% sucrose for fermentation. Ferric or ferrous ions and sodium Thiosulphate are present to detect hydrogen Sulphide production. Organisms that are non-lactose fermenting initially produce a yellow slant due to the production of acid from glucose. The small amount of glucose is rapidly depleted. Oxidative metabolism continues in the slant after the low concentration of glucose has been depleted, producing an alkaline pH from the aerobic breakdown of peptone; the slant turns red. There is no oxygen penetration into the butt and no oxidative metabolism; the butt remains acid and yellow.
Thus, a non-lactose fermenting organism yields an alkaline (K) slant over an acid (A) butt (K/A); red slant; yellow butt). Lactose fermenting and/or sucrose-fermenting bacteria continue to produce a large amount of acid in the slant and butt so the reaction in both remains acid (A/A; yellow slant; yellow butt). If the slant and butt remain neutral, the organism is not capable of fermenting glucose or other sugars (K/K; red slant; red butt). Gas production from sugar fermentation is indicated by bubbles, the fracturing of the medium, or displacement of the medium. Hydrogen Sulfide is produced by the action of the bacteria with sodium Thiosulphate. This is detected by the reduction of ferric ions to produce a black precipitate.
Test Requirements
- TSI agar
- Test organisms (bacteria)
- BOD Incubator
- Inoculating loop and bunsen burner
- Control strains
Procedure of Triple Sugar Iron Agar Test
- Stab and streak the test organism on the surface of TSI.
- Incubate at 37ºC for 24 hours.
- Acid production limited only to the butt region of the tube is indicative of glucose utilization, while acid production in the slant and butt indicates sucrose or lactose fermentation.
Result and interpretation of Triple Sugar Iron Agar Test
- Yellow (Acid)/ Yellow (Acid), Gas, H2S: Lactose/Sucrose fermenter, H2S producer.
- Red (Alkaline)/ Yellow (Acid), No gas, No H2S: Only Glucose, not Lactose/Sucrose fermenter, anaerogenic, No H2S production.
- Red (Alkaline)/ No change: Glucose, Lactose, and Sucrose Non-fermenter.
- Yellow (Acid)/ No change: Glucose oxidizer
- No change/No change: Non-fermenter.
Limitations of the TSI Test
- Do not read the TSI test before 18 hours, since false readings of acid in the slant may result.
- H2S production may on be inhibited on the TSI test for organisms that utilize sucrose and suppress the enzyme mechanism that results in the production of H2S.
- Sulfide indole motility (SIM) agar is more sensitive in the detection of H2S than either TSI or KIA.
Keynotes
- Kligler’s Iron Agar (KIA) test only differs from the Triple Sugar Iron agar (TSI) test due to lacking sucrose in its composition.
- Do not attempt to interpret sugar fermentation reactions after 24 hours. Refrigerate tubes if the reading will be delayed.
- If desired, extend incubation only to detect H2Sproduction. Campylobacter may take 3 days the production of H2S.
TSI Test Footages
Escherichia coli in TSI agar
Klebsiella pneumoniae TSI test
Acinetobacter TSI reaction
Proteus in TSI agar
Salmonella Typhi Biochemical Reaction
Pseudomonas aeruginosa in TSI medium
Further Readings
- Cowan & Steel’s Manual for identification of Medical Bacteria. Editors: G.I. Barron & R.K. Felthani, 3rd ed 1993, Publisher Cambridge University Press.
- Clinical Microbiology Procedure Handbook, Chief in editor H.D. Isenberg, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, Publisher ASM (American Society for Microbiology), Washington DC.
- Colour Atlas and Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology. Editors: Koneman E.W., Allen D.D., Dowell V.R. Jr, and Sommers H.M.
- Bailey & Scott’s Diagnostic Microbiology. Editors: Bettey A. Forbes, Daniel F. Sahm & Alice S. Weissfeld, 12th ed 2007, Publisher Elsevier.
- Jawetz, Melnick and Adelberg’s Medical Microbiology. Editors: Geo. F. Brook, Janet S. Butel & Stephen A. Morse, 21st ed 1998, Publisher Appleton & Lance, Co Stamford Connecticut.
- Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology. Editors: Connie R. Mahon, Donald G. Lehman & George Manuselis, 3rd edition2007, Publisher Elsevier.
- Mackie and Mc Cartney Practical Medical Microbiology. Editors: J.G. Colle, A.G. Fraser, B.P. Marmion, A. Simmous, 4th ed, Publisher Churchill Living Stone, New York, Melbourne, Sans Francisco 1996.
Hey There. I discovered your blog the use of msn. That is a very well written article. I will make sure to bookmark it and return to read extra of your helpful info. Thank you for the post. I will certainly return.
I have been absent for some time, but now I remember why I used to love this website. Thank you, I’ll try and check back more often. How frequently you update your web site?
Excellent post. I was checking continuously this blog and I am impressed! Very helpful info particularly the last part 🙂 I care for such info a lot. I was looking for this particular info for a very long time. Thank you and good luck.
You made some good points there. I did a search on the subject and found most persons will go along with with your blog.
You are my breathing in, I possess few blogs and sometimes run out from to brand.
Hi, I think your site might be having browser compatibility issues. When I look at your website in Safari, it looks fine but when opening in Internet Explorer, it has some overlapping. I just wanted to give you a quick heads up! Other then that, fantastic blog!
Thank you for another excellent post. Where else could anybody get that type of info in such an ideal way of writing? I have a presentation next week, and I’m on the look for such info.
good post.Never knew this, appreciate it for letting me know.
Its fantastic as your other articles : D, thankyou for putting up.
I have been surfing on-line greater than three hours nowadays, yet I never found any attention-grabbing article like yours. It is beautiful worth enough for me. Personally, if all webmasters and bloggers made just right content as you probably did, the internet can be much more helpful than ever before.
Great weblog right here! Additionally your web site a lot up very fast! What web host are you the usage of? Can I get your affiliate link for your host? I wish my site loaded up as quickly as yours lol
I like this website very much so much excellent information.
Your style is so unique compared to many other people. Thank you for publishing when you have the opportunity,Guess I will just make this bookmarked.2
It?¦s really a cool and useful piece of information. I?¦m satisfied that you shared this useful info with us. Please stay us up to date like this. Thanks for sharing.
I am glad that I detected this site, just the right info that I was searching for! .
Well I truly enjoyed reading it. This tip procured by you is very useful for accurate planning.
Some times its a pain in the ass to read what website owners wrote but this website is really user genial! .
Its good as your other content : D, thanks for posting.
After research a number of of the weblog posts in your web site now, and I truly like your approach of blogging. I bookmarked it to my bookmark website checklist and can be checking back soon. Pls take a look at my web page as nicely and let me know what you think.
I really like your writing style, wonderful information, thanks for putting up :D. “In university they don’t tell you that the greater part of the law is learning to tolerate fools.” by Doris Lessing.
Thank you for another informative blog. Where else could I get that type of information written in such a perfect way? I’ve a project that I am just now working on, and I’ve been on the look out for such information.
Would love to perpetually get updated great website! .
Sweet web site, super layout, very clean and utilise genial.
Spot on with this write-up, I actually think this website wants much more consideration. I’ll probably be again to read rather more, thanks for that info.
You can definitely see your expertise in the work you write. The sector hopes for even more passionate writers such as you who are not afraid to say how they believe. Always go after your heart.
Hey there! Would you mind if I share your blog with my myspace group? There’s a lot of people that I think would really enjoy your content. Please let me know. Thank you
I conceive you have remarked some very interesting points, appreciate it for the post.
Hello! I could have sworn I’ve been to this blog before but after browsing through some of the post I realized it’s new to me. Anyways, I’m definitely happy I found it and I’ll be book-marking and checking back frequently!
hey there and thank you for your information – I’ve definitely picked up something new from right here. I did however expertise several technical issues using this site, as I experienced to reload the site lots of times previous to I could get it to load properly. I had been wondering if your web hosting is OK? Not that I’m complaining, but sluggish loading instances times will sometimes affect your placement in google and can damage your quality score if ads and marketing with Adwords. Well I am adding this RSS to my e-mail and can look out for a lot more of your respective interesting content. Ensure that you update this again very soon..
I’m typically to running a blog and i really appreciate your content. The article has really peaks my interest. I’m going to bookmark your website and maintain checking for brand spanking new information.
Can I just say what a relief to find someone who actually knows what theyre talking about on the internet. You definitely know how to bring an issue to light and make it important. More people need to read this and understand this side of the story. I cant believe youre not more popular because you definitely have the gift.
My brother suggested I might like this web site. He used to be entirely right. This publish truly made my day. You cann’t believe just how much time I had spent for this information! Thank you!
I do not even know how I ended up here, but I thought this post was good. I do not know who you are but certainly you’re going to a famous blogger if you aren’t already 😉 Cheers!
I like the helpful info you provide for your articles. I’ll bookmark your blog and test once more here frequently. I am relatively sure I will learn plenty of new stuff proper here! Best of luck for the following!
Watch blonde chicks live in activity Are you seeking ravishing blonde chicks? Well, youre pretty much in luck because Blonde cams are live now!
виртуальный выделенный сервер vps
Абузоустойчивый сервер для работы с Хрумером, GSA и всевозможными скриптами!
Есть дополнительная системах скидок, читайте описание в разделе оплата
Высокоскоростной Интернет: До 1000 Мбит/с
Скорость интернет-соединения играет решающую роль в успешной работе вашего проекта. Наши VPS/VDS серверы, поддерживающие Windows и Linux, обеспечивают доступ к интернету со скоростью до 1000 Мбит/с. Это гарантирует быструю загрузку веб-страниц и высокую производительность онлайн-приложений на обеих операционных системах.
Итак, при выборе виртуального выделенного сервера VPS, обеспечьте своему проекту надежность, высокую производительность и защиту от DDoS. Получите доступ к качественной инфраструктуре с поддержкой Windows и Linux уже от 13 рублей
выбрать сервер
Абузоустойчивый сервер для работы с Хрумером, GSA и всевозможными скриптами!
Есть дополнительная системах скидок, читайте описание в разделе оплата
Высокоскоростной Интернет: До 1000 Мбит/с**
Скорость интернет-соединения – еще один важный момент для успешной работы вашего проекта. Наши VPS серверы, арендуемые под Windows и Linux, предоставляют доступ к интернету со скоростью до 1000 Мбит/с, обеспечивая быструю загрузку веб-страниц и высокую производительность онлайн-приложений на обеих операционных системах.
Абузоустойчивый сервер для работы с Хрумером, GSA и всевозможными скриптами!
Есть дополнительная системах скидок, читайте описание в разделе оплата
Виртуальные сервера (VPS/VDS) и Дедик Сервер: Оптимальное Решение для Вашего Проекта
В мире современных вычислений виртуальные сервера (VPS/VDS) и дедик сервера становятся ключевыми элементами успешного бизнеса и онлайн-проектов. Выбор оптимальной операционной системы и типа сервера являются решающими шагами в создании надежной и эффективной инфраструктуры. Наши VPS/VDS серверы Windows и Linux, доступные от 13 рублей, а также дедик серверы, предлагают целый ряд преимуществ, делая их неотъемлемыми инструментами для развития вашего проекта.
посоветуйте vps
осоветуйте vps
Абузоустойчивый сервер для работы с Хрумером и GSA и различными скриптами!
Есть дополнительная системах скидок, читайте описание в разделе оплата
Виртуальные сервера VPS/VDS и Дедик Сервер: Оптимальное Решение для Вашего Проекта
В мире современных вычислений виртуальные сервера VPS/VDS и дедик сервера становятся ключевыми элементами успешного бизнеса и онлайн-проектов. Выбор оптимальной операционной системы и типа сервера являются решающими шагами в создании надежной и эффективной инфраструктуры. Наши VPS/VDS серверы Windows и Linux, доступные от 13 рублей, а также дедик серверы, предлагают целый ряд преимуществ, делая их неотъемлемыми инструментами для развития вашего проекта.
娛樂城
2024娛樂城的創新趨勢
隨著2024年的到來，娛樂城業界正經歷著一場革命性的變遷。這一年，娛樂城不僅僅是賭博和娛樂的代名詞，更成為了科技創新和用戶體驗的集大成者。
首先，2024年的娛樂城極大地融合了最新的技術。增強現實（AR）和虛擬現實（VR）技術的引入，為玩家提供了沉浸式的賭博體驗。這種全新的遊戲方式不僅帶來視覺上的震撼，還為玩家創造了一種置身於真實賭場的感覺，而實際上他們可能只是坐在家中的沙發上。
其次，人工智能（AI）在娛樂城中的應用也達到了新高度。AI技術不僅用於增強遊戲的公平性和透明度，還在個性化玩家體驗方面發揮著重要作用。從個性化遊戲推薦到智能客服，AI的應用使得娛樂城更能滿足玩家的個別需求。
此外，線上娛樂城的安全性和隱私保護也獲得了顯著加強。隨著技術的進步，更加先進的加密技術和安全措施被用來保護玩家的資料和交易，從而確保一個安全可靠的遊戲環境。
2024年的娛樂城還強調負責任的賭博。許多平台採用了各種工具和資源來幫助玩家控制他們的賭博行為，如設置賭注限制、自我排除措施等，體現了對可持續賭博的承諾。
總之，2024年的娛樂城呈現出一個高度融合了技術、安全和負責任賭博的行業新面貌，為玩家提供了前所未有的娛樂體驗。隨著這些趨勢的持續發展，我們可以預見，娛樂城將不斷地創新和進步，為玩家帶來更多精彩和安全的娛樂選擇。
Деревянные дома под ключ
Дома АВС – Ваш уютный уголок
Мы строим не просто дома, мы создаем пространство, где каждый уголок будет наполнен комфортом и радостью жизни. Наш приоритет – не просто предоставить место для проживания, а создать настоящий дом, где вы будете чувствовать себя счастливыми и уютно.
В нашем информационном разделе “ПРОЕКТЫ” вы всегда найдете вдохновение и новые идеи для строительства вашего будущего дома. Мы постоянно работаем над тем, чтобы предложить вам самые инновационные и стильные проекты.
Мы убеждены, что основа хорошего дома – это его дизайн. Поэтому мы предоставляем услуги опытных дизайнеров-архитекторов, которые помогут вам воплотить все ваши идеи в жизнь. Наши архитекторы и персональные консультанты всегда готовы поделиться своим опытом и предложить функциональные и комфортные решения для вашего будущего дома.
Мы стремимся сделать весь процесс строительства максимально комфортным для вас. Наша команда предоставляет детализированные сметы, разрабатывает четкие этапы строительства и осуществляет контроль качества на каждом этапе.
Для тех, кто ценит экологичность и близость к природе, мы предлагаем деревянные дома премиум-класса. Используя клееный брус и оцилиндрованное бревно, мы создаем уникальные и здоровые условия для вашего проживания.
Тем, кто предпочитает надежность и многообразие форм, мы предлагаем дома из камня, блоков и кирпичной кладки.
Для практичных и ценящих свое время людей у нас есть быстровозводимые каркасные дома и эконом-класса. Эти решения обеспечат вас комфортным проживанием в кратчайшие сроки.
С Домами АВС создайте свой уютный уголок, где каждый момент жизни будет наполнен радостью и удовлетворением
Дома АВС – Ваш уютный уголок
Мы строим не просто дома, мы создаем пространство, где каждый уголок будет наполнен комфортом и радостью жизни. Наш приоритет – не просто предоставить место для проживания, а создать настоящий дом, где вы будете чувствовать себя счастливыми и уютно.
В нашем информационном разделе “ПРОЕКТЫ” вы всегда найдете вдохновение и новые идеи для строительства вашего будущего дома. Мы постоянно работаем над тем, чтобы предложить вам самые инновационные и стильные проекты.
Мы убеждены, что основа хорошего дома – это его дизайн. Поэтому мы предоставляем услуги опытных дизайнеров-архитекторов, которые помогут вам воплотить все ваши идеи в жизнь. Наши архитекторы и персональные консультанты всегда готовы поделиться своим опытом и предложить функциональные и комфортные решения для вашего будущего дома.
Мы стремимся сделать весь процесс строительства максимально комфортным для вас. Наша команда предоставляет детализированные сметы, разрабатывает четкие этапы строительства и осуществляет контроль качества на каждом этапе.
Для тех, кто ценит экологичность и близость к природе, мы предлагаем деревянные дома премиум-класса. Используя клееный брус и оцилиндрованное бревно, мы создаем уникальные и здоровые условия для вашего проживания.
Тем, кто предпочитает надежность и многообразие форм, мы предлагаем дома из камня, блоков и кирпичной кладки.
Для практичных и ценящих свое время людей у нас есть быстровозводимые каркасные дома и эконом-класса. Эти решения обеспечат вас комфортным проживанием в кратчайшие сроки.
С Домами АВС создайте свой уютный уголок, где каждый момент жизни будет наполнен радостью и удовлетворением
Understanding the processes and protocols within a Professional Tenure Committee (PTC) is crucial for faculty members. This Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) guide aims to address common queries related to PTC procedures, voting, and membership.
1. Why should members of the PTC fill out vote justification forms explaining their votes?
Vote justification forms provide transparency in decision-making. Members articulate their reasoning, fostering a culture of openness and ensuring that decisions are well-founded and understood by the academic community.
2. How can absentee ballots be cast?
To accommodate absentee voting, PTCs may implement secure electronic methods or designated proxy voters. This ensures that faculty members who cannot physically attend meetings can still contribute to decision-making processes.
3. How will additional members of PTCs be elected in departments with fewer than four tenured faculty members?
In smaller departments, creative solutions like rotating roles or involving faculty from related disciplines can be explored. Flexibility in election procedures ensures representation even in departments with fewer tenured faculty members.
4. Can a faculty member on OCSA or FML serve on a PTC?
Faculty members involved in other committees like the Organization of Committee on Student Affairs (OCSA) or Family and Medical Leave (FML) can serve on a PTC, but potential conflicts of interest should be carefully considered and managed.
5. Can an abstention vote be cast at a PTC meeting?
Yes, PTC members have the option to abstain from voting if they feel unable to take a stance on a particular matter. This allows for ethical decision-making and prevents uninformed voting.
6. What constitutes a positive or negative vote in PTCs?
A positive vote typically indicates approval or agreement, while a negative vote signifies disapproval or disagreement. Clear definitions and guidelines within each PTC help members interpret and cast their votes accurately.
7. What constitutes a quorum in a PTC?
A quorum, the minimum number of members required for a valid meeting, is essential for decision-making. Specific rules about quorum size are usually outlined in the PTC’s governing documents.
Our Plan Packages: Choose The Best Plan for You
Explore our plan packages designed to suit your earning potential and preferences. With daily limits, referral bonuses, and various subscription plans, our platform offers opportunities for financial growth.
Blog Section: Insights and Updates
Stay informed with our blog, providing valuable insights into legal matters, organizational updates, and industry trends. Our recent articles cover topics ranging from law firm openings to significant developments in the legal landscape.
Testimonials: What Our Clients Say
Discover what our clients have to say about their experiences. Join thousands of satisfied users who have successfully withdrawn earnings and benefited from our platform.
Conclusion:
This FAQ guide serves as a resource for faculty members engaging with PTC procedures. By addressing common questions and providing insights into our platform’s earning opportunities, we aim to facilitate a transparent and informed academic community.