All Notes

Parasites and Their Infective Stages, Habitat, and Causing Diseases List

Fig. Showing some common human parasites and their various stages

Parasites and their infective stages, habitat, and causing diseases list is given as follows-

S.No.Name of ParasitesInfective stageHabitatDisease
1Entamoeba histolyticaQuadrinucleate cystLarge intestineDysentery
2Giardia lambliaCystSmall intestineDiarrhea
3a.Plasmodium vivex
b.Plasmodium falciparum
c.Plasmodium malariae
d.Plasmodium ovale
SporozoaRBCsa.Benign tertian malaria
b.Malignant tertian malaria
c.Quartan malaria
d.Tertian malaria
4Leishmania donovaniPromastigoteReticuloendothelial systemVisceral leishmaniasis or kala-azar
5Trichomonas vaginalisTrophozoiteSmall intestineTrichomoniasis/sexually transmitted infection/Vaginitis
6Balantidium coliCystLarge intestineBalantidiasis(causing diarrhea or dysentery)
7Trypanosoma cruziMetacyclic formHeart, nervous systemChagas disease
8Trypanosoma bruceiMetacyclic formBlood, lymph node, central nervous systemAfrican sleeping sickness
9Ascaris lumbricoidesEmbryonated eggSmall intestineAscariasis
10Taenia soliumCysticerci, or bladder wormsGenerally small intestineTaeniasis/cysticercosis
11Taenia saginataCysticerci Small intestineTaeniasis
12a. Schistosoma japonicum
b. Schistosoma mansoni
c. Schistosoma haematobium
Cercaria/
Cercariae(plural)
a. Small intestine (more often)
b. Large intestine
c. Bladder
a and b. Intestinal schistosomiasis
c. Urogenital schistosomiasis
13Fasciola hepaticaMetacercariaBiliary ducts and gall bladder (definite host)Fasciolosis
14Clonorchis sinensisMetacercariaBiliary ductsClonorchiasis
15Strongyloides stercoralis L3 larvae Small intestineStrongyloidiasis
16a.Ancylostoma duodenale
b. Necator americanus
Filariform (third-stage) larvae Small intestineAncylostomiasis
17Wuchererchia bancroftiThird-stage larvaeLymphatic vessels and lymph nodesFilariasis/Lymphatic Filariasis
18Enterobius vermicularisEggLarge intestineEnterobiasis
19Echinococcus granulosusMetacestode/bladder-worm/hydatid cyst /encysted larvaSmall intestine
(dog)
Hydatidosis
20Toxoplasma gondiiOocysts/Tachyzoite
/bradyzoite/sporozoite
Reticuloendothelial system, monocyte and muscle fiberToxoplasmosis/Toxoplasmic encephalitis
21Trichuris trichiuraEmbryonated eggSmall and large intestineTrichuriasis
22Trichinella spiralisEncysted larvaeSmall intestineTrichinosis/trichinellosis
Table: Clinically/medically relevant Parasites and their infective stages, habitat, and causing diseases

Bibliography

  • Isenberg clinical microbiology procedures Handbook-2nd edition. Vol. 2
  • Merkell and Voge’s medical parasitology-9th edition.
  • Parasitology-12th edition- K. D. Chatterjee
  • https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/schistosomiasis/index.html
  • https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/balantidiasis/index.html
  • https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/schistosomiasis
  • https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/fasciola-hepatica
  • https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/clonorchiasis/index.html
  • https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/strongyloides/biology.html
  • https://universe84a.com/strongyloidiasis-introduction/
  • https://www.biologydiscussion.com/animals-2/aschelminthes/ancylostoma-duodenale-ha
  • https://www.biologydiscussion.com/invertebrate-zoology/phylum-aschelminthes/wuchereria-bancrofti-habitat-structure
  • https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/ancylostoma-duodenale
  • https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/enterobius-vermicularis
  • http://parasite.org.au/para-site/text/echinococcus-text.html
  • https://parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13071-020-04445-z#Abs1
  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichuris_trichiura
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1003275/
  • https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/immunology-and-microbiology/trichinella-spiralis
Medical Lab Notes

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