All Notes

Serum and Plasma: Introduction, Differences, Keynotes, and Related Footages

Introduction of Serum and Plasma

The serum is a clear yellow fluid that is separated when blood is allowed to clot freely while the plasma is yellowish and slight alkaline fluid, in which blood cells float.

Fig. Blood collection and distribution of blood in EDTA vial and clot activator vial (without anti-coagulant for separation of serum), separated serum and plasma (melted fresh frozen plasma from CPDA used anticoagulant in blood bag)

Differences between Serum and Plasma

S. NoCharacteristicsSerumPlasma
1Clotting factorsAbsentPresent
2CompositionIt contains proteins, electrolytes, antibodies, antigens, and hormones.It contains all suspended blood cells with proteins, salts, lipids, glucose.
3Water content90%92-95%
4ComponentsThe serum contains proteins like albumin and globulins.Plasma contains clotting factors and water.
5FibrinogenAbsentPresent
6Cell arrangementThe blood cells are usually attached together by clot formation.Cells are not attached together and they are suspended in the plasma.
7 Separation MethodCentrifugation after clotting Centrifugation before clotting
8 Anti-coagulantNot requiredAn anticoagulant is required to obtain plasma.
9Feasibility of SeparationSeparation of serum is time-consuming.The separation of plasma is relatively easy and fast.
10Volume in bloodComparatively less 55% of the total volume of blood
11Density 1.024g/ml 1.025g/ml
12StorageThe serum can be stored at 2-8 °C for several days.Frozen plasma can be stored for up to a year at -80 °C.
13DiscolorationNo discoloration on standingDiscoloration on standing
14ImportanceThe serum is the primary source of electrolytes.The plasma helps in the transportation of excretory metabolites and materials in the blood and also in the maintenance of blood pressure and in the regulation of body temperature.
15Associated termsSerology: It is the branch of science that deals with the study of serum and analyzing it for diagnostic uses. Plasmapheresis: It refers to the process of separation of plasma from the blood.
16Uses-Clinical diagnostic testing
-Animal sera are used as anti-venom, antitoxins, and vaccinations.
-It is also used in humans for therapeutic purposes.
Plasma (fresh frozen plasma) is transfused to patients who has coagulation factor defect and warfarin overload. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is used if platelet concentrate is not available. The transfusion of plasma is used in patients who suffer from hemophilia, shocks, burns, and other clotting problems.
17Use of different anticoagulantsNo use1. EDTA-for complete blood cell count (CBC)
2. Fluoride oxalate-Useful in sugar estimation
3. Trisodium citrate: For coagulation study (PT/INR, APTT), ESR test
4. Heparin-Osmotic fragility test, open-heart surgery
5. CPDA-Blood bag ( blood banking)
Table: Differences between Serum and Plasma

Keynotes on Serum and Plasma

  • Anticoagulant is chemical or agent which prevents the coagulation of blood.
  • Blood without anticoagulant on centrifugation gives serum whereas for plasma an anticoagulant is needed.
  • Anticoagulants can be used depending on the purpose of the assay.
  • The most common anticoagulant applied in laboratory medicine are EDTA, fluoride, trisodium citrate, CPDA, and heparin.
  • Ammonium and potassium oxalate anticoagulants are recommended for packed cell volume (PCV), ESR and smear preparation.
  • Fluoride oxalate or sodium fluoride is used for blood sugar estimation since it prevents glycosis by interfering with enzyme enolase.
  • Ratio of trisodium citrate in coagulation profile test is 1:9 (200 μL citrate+1.8 ml blood) while the ratio such anticoagulant is 1:4 (0.4 ml citrate+ 1.6 ml blood) for ESR test by Westergren Method.
  • Anticoagulants for blood banking and transfusion medicine are as follows-
AnticoagulantsStorage time/Shelf-life
Acid-citrate dextrose (ACD)21 Days
Citrate-phosphate dextrose (CPD)28 Days
Citrate -phosphate dextrose adenine (CPDA)35 DAYS
Saline, Adenine, Glucose, and Mannitol (SAGM) solution42 Days
Table: Anticoagulants of blood banking and their self-life
  • For 100 ml blood, a 14 ml anticoagulant is required.

Serum and Plasma Related Footages

Blood collection step

Fig. Blood collection step

Blood collected in EDTA vial for CBC test

Fig. Blood collected in EDTA vial for CBC test

Dispensing blood in clot activator tube for biochemistry and serology tests

Fig. Dispensing blood in clot activator tube for biochemistry and serology tests

Separated serum after clot activator tube centrifugation

Fig. Separated serum after clot activator tube centrifugation

The separated plasma of trisodium citrate used blood after centrifugation for clotting panel tests

Fig. The separated plasma of trisodium citrate used blood after centrifugation for clotting panel tests

Citrated plasma for ESR Test

Fig. Citrated plasma for ESR Test

Use of CPDA anticoagulant in blood bag

Fig. Use of CPDA anticoagulant in the blood bag

Stored fresh frozen plasma demonstration

Fig. Stored fresh frozen plasma demonstration

Melted fresh frozen plasma (FFP) ready for transfusion

Fig. Melted fresh frozen plasma (FFP) is ready for transfusion.

Platelet Concentrate blood component

Fig. Platelet Concentrate blood component

Use of heparin anticoagulant for sheep blood collection

Fig. Use of heparin anticoagulant for sheep blood collection

Further Readings

  1. https://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-plasma-and-vs-serum/
  2. https://www.bioexplorer.net/differences-between-serum-and-plasma.html/
  3. Technical Manual of the American Association of Blood Banks-13th Edition, 1999
  4. Introduction to Transfusion Medicine –Zarin Bharucha & D.D. Chouhan,1st Edition, 1990
  5. Textbook of Medical Laboratory Technology -Praful B. Godkar and Darshan P. Godkar
  6. http://medimoon.com/2012/07/difference-between-plasma-and-serum/
  7. http://www.microbiologynotes.com/differences-between-serum-and-plasma/
  8. https://microbiologyinfo.com/difference-between-serum-and-plasma/
  9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3132215/
  10. researchgate.net/publication/23781499_Erythrocyte_storage_in_hypertonic_SAGM_or_isotonic_PAGGSM_conservation_medium_Influence_on_cell_properties

Medical Lab Notes

View Comments

  • Have you ever thought about including a little bit more than just your articles? I mean, what you say is important and everything. But think of if you added some great photos or videos to give your posts more, "pop"! Your content is excellent but with pics and videos, this blog could definitely be one of the best in its niche. Fantastic blog!

  • you're truly a just right webmaster. The web site loading speed is amazing. It kind of feels that you are doing any unique trick. Moreover, The contents are masterpiece. you've performed a great activity in this matter!

  • Thank you so much for giving everyone remarkably splendid opportunity to discover important secrets from this website. It is often so ideal and jam-packed with a good time for me personally and my office co-workers to search your blog at minimum three times in a week to see the fresh secrets you have. And definitely, we're usually pleased considering the special advice served by you. Selected 4 points on this page are essentially the most efficient we've ever had.

  • Hey there! I'm at work surfing around your blog from my new iphone 4! Just wanted to say I love reading your blog and look forward to all your posts! Carry on the outstanding work!

  • Great V I should definitely pronounce, impressed with your site. I had no trouble navigating through all the tabs as well as related info ended up being truly simple to do to access. I recently found what I hoped for before you know it in the least. Reasonably unusual. Is likely to appreciate it for those who add forums or anything, web site theme . a tones way for your customer to communicate. Nice task..

  • Very interesting information!Perfect just what I was searching for! "The most wasted day of all is that on which we have not laughed." by Sbastien-Roch Nicolas de Chamfort.

Recent Posts

Nakaseomyces glabratus: Introduction, Morphology, Pathogenicity, Lab Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, and Keynotes

Introduction Nakaseomyces glabratus (formerly Candida glabrata) is a highly adaptable, haploid yeast that is a common commensal…

4 days ago

Pichia kudriavzevii-Introduction, Morphology, Pathogenicity, Lab Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, and Keynotes

Introduction Pichia kudriavzevii, formerly known as Candida krusei, is a unique budding yeast that holds a…

4 days ago

Morphological Characterization of MTBC: Identifying “Buff” Granular Growth in MGIT Liquid Culture

Visual Observation Medium: The tubes appear to be MGIT (Mycobacteriological Growth Indicator Tubes), which contain…

4 days ago

Transforming Infectious Disease Diagnostics with tNGS Technology

In the world of modern diagnostics, speed, accuracy, and comprehensiveness are critical—especially when dealing with…

1 week ago

Revolutionizing Molecular Diagnostics: A Look Inside Bioeksen’s Innovative Solutions

Introduction In today’s rapidly evolving healthcare landscape, the demand for fast, accurate, and accessible diagnostic…

1 week ago

Unmasking Fungal Pathogens: A Deep Dive into the MYCOscreen18 PCR Panel

Introduction to MYCOscreen18 PCR Panel Identifying fungal infections quickly and accurately is a critical challenge…

1 week ago