Introduction of TPHA and VDRL Tests Doctors use the TPHA (Treponema pallidum Hemagglutination Assay) test to detect antibodies against Treponema…
Introduction Haemophilus influenzae is a Gram-negative bacterium that was originally believed to be the causative agent of influenza (the flu).…
Introduction Listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium that is widely distributed in nature and can cause a serious foodborne…