Required Common Formulae of Diagnostic Laboratory
Table of Contents
The ‘Common Formulae of Diagnostic Laboratory’ title is really useful who are involved in the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine tests reporting as well as students who are related to this branch of health science. The author has already suffered not getting this type of huge collection of formulae in his earlier carrier of service and thus he decided to generate this type of knot. In this cluster, you will get common formulae of Hematology, Biochemistry, Histopathology, Microbiology, Serology/Immunology, Molecular Biology, Biostatistics, and other Health Related fields.
Haemoglobin (gm%) =(Optical Density of Test x Standard Concentration)/Optical Density of Standard
Total RBC / mm3 (μL)×106 =
(Number of Cells Counted x Dilution factor)/(Area counted (1/5)x Depth of Fluid)
Where dilution: 1:200
Area counted: 80/400=1/5 ( 4 Corners and 1 center of R zone)
Depth of fluid=1/10= 0.1
= N x 200 / (1/5x 0.1)
=N x 10000
MCV=
(PCVx 10 )/RBC in Millions
e.g. PCV=45%
RBCs count=5.0 m/cu mm (μL)
MCV=
(45×10)/5
90 cu mm
MCH=
(Haemoglobinx10)/RBCs in millions
e.g. Hb=14 g/dl
RBC count: 5.0 m/cu mm (μL)
MCH=
=(14×10)/5
= 28 pg
MCHC=
(Hbx100)/PCV
Where suppose, Hb=14 g/dl
PCV:40%
MCHC=
=14/40 x 100
=35%
Color Index= Hb%/RBC%
For example
Hb= 12 g/dl
RBC count: 4.3 m/cu mm
Hb%= 100 x 12/14.5=83%
RBC %=100 x 4.3/5.0= 86%
Color Index: 83/86=0.97
Normal Color Indec: 0.85-1.15
Total WBCs / mm3 (μL) =
(Cells counted x Dilution factor)/ 4 (Area Counted)x Depth of factor
Where Dilution: 20
Area Counted: 4
Dilution: 0.1
=(N x 20 )/ (4 x 0.1)
=Number of Cells Counted x 50
Total Platelets / mm3 = (Cells counted x Dilution factor)/ (Area Counted x Depth)
Where Dilution: 200
Area counted: 1 (R zone of Neubauer Chamber)
Depth of fluid: 0.1
(Nx 200)/ (1x 0.1)
= Number of Cells Counted x 2,000
% Reticulocytes= (No of Reticulocytes Counted x 100)/ Number of red blood cells counted (red cells in 15 fields)
Normal Range-
Two types of chambers are available to count absolute eosinophils and they are-
The formula for Absolute Eosinophil Count by Fuch-Rosenthal counting chamber
Total number of Eosinophils=(Number of cells counted x 10 x 5)/16
=Number of cells counted x 3.125
Where dilution=10
Area of fluid: 16
Depth of fluid: 1/5
The formula for Absolute Eosinophil Count by Improved Neubauer counting chamber
Total number of eosinophils, cu mm= (Number of cells countedx10)/0.9
Where dilution=10
Area of fluid=9
Depth of fluid=0.1
% Eosinophils= (Absolute count x 100)/Total WBC count
VLDL= Triglyceride/5
LDL = Total Cholesterol – VLDL – HDL
24 hours Urinary Protein=urinary protein (mg/dl) x total urinary volume
Normal urine protein in adults is less than 150 mg within a 24-hour period.
Sperms/ ml of semen
Sperm/mL=
(Number Counted x Dilution x 1,0000)/ (Area counted x Depth)
Where,
Dilution: 20
Area of fluid: 4 ( as in WBC Count)
Depth of fluid: 10
= N x 50,000
MLF = 4×104
of AFBs count per ml =
MLF
AFBs count in 8 microscopic fields
Dilution Factor =
AFB count per ml
3.3 X 105
Note that the optimum dose of bacilli to inoculate mice with is 10,000 bacilli per mL. Per food-pad is 10,000/0.003 = 3.3 x 105
Direct Bilitubin= Total Bilirubin (TBil)-Unconjugated bilirubin (Bu)
Delta Bilirubin(DELB)=Total bilurubin (TBill)- (Bu+Bc)
Where Bu stands for unconjugated bilirubin andBc for Conjugated bilirubin.
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