Introduction of Common Formulae of Diagnostic Laboratory
Table of Contents
The ‘Common Formulae of Diagnostic Laboratory’ title is really useful who are involved in the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine tests reporting as well as students who are related to this branch of health science. The author has already suffered not getting this type of huge collection of formulae in his earlier carrier of service and thus he decided to generate this type of knot. In this cluster, you will get common formulae of Hematology, Biochemistry, Histopathology, Microbiology, Serology/Immunology, Molecular Biology, Biostatistics, and other Health Related fields.
Required Common Formulae of Diagnostic Laboratory
List of Common Formulae of Diagnostic Laboratory
- Hemoglobin
- Red blood cells count
- Packed Cell Volume/Haematocrit
- Mean Cell Volume
- Mean Cell Haemoglobin
- Mean Cell Haemoglobin Concentration
- Color Index
- White Blood Cell Count
- Platelets count
- Reticulocyte count
- Absolute Eosinophil Count
- % Eosinophils
- VLDL
- LDL
- 24 Hours Urinary Protein Calculation
- Sperm count
- Micro Loop Factor
Description
Haemoglobin Calculation
Haemoglobin (gm%) =(Optical Density of Test x Standard Concentration)/Optical Density of Standard
Red Blood Cells Calculation
Total RBC / mm3 (μL)×106 =
(Number of Cells Counted x Dilution factor)/(Area counted (1/5)x Depth of Fluid)
Where dilution: 1:200
Area counted: 80/400=1/5 ( 4 Corners and 1 center of R zone)
Depth of fluid=1/10= 0.1
= N x 200 / (1/5x 0.1)
=N x 10000
Mean Cell Volume (MCV) Calculation
MCV=
(PCVx 10 )/RBC in Millions
e.g. PCV=45%
RBCs count=5.0 m/cu mm (μL)
MCV=
(45×10)/5
90 cu mm
Mean Cell Haemoglobin (MCH) Calculation
MCH=
(Haemoglobinx10)/RBCs in millions
e.g. Hb=14 g/dl
RBC count: 5.0 m/cu mm (μL)
MCH=
=(14×10)/5
= 28 pg
Mean Cell Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) Calculation
MCHC=
(Hbx100)/PCV
Where suppose, Hb=14 g/dl
PCV:40%
MCHC=
=14/40 x 100
=35%
Color Index Calculation
Color Index= Hb%/RBC%
For example
Hb= 12 g/dl
RBC count: 4.3 m/cu mm
Hb%= 100 x 12/14.5=83%
RBC %=100 x 4.3/5.0= 86%
Color Index: 83/86=0.97
Normal Color Indec: 0.85-1.15
White Blood Cells (WBCs) Count
Total WBCs / mm3 (μL) =
(Cells counted x Dilution factor)/ 4 (Area Counted)x Depth of factor
Where Dilution: 20
Area Counted: 4
Dilution: 0.1
=(N x 20 )/ (4 x 0.1)
=Number of Cells Counted x 50
Platelet Count
Total Platelets / mm3 = (Cells counted x Dilution factor)/ (Area Counted x Depth)
Where Dilution: 200
Area counted: 1 (R zone of Neubauer Chamber)
Depth of fluid: 0.1
(Nx 200)/ (1x 0.1)
= Number of Cells Counted x 2,000
% Reticulocytes= (No of Reticulocytes Counted x 100)/ Number of red blood cells counted (red cells in 15 fields)
Normal Range-
- Adults: 0.2-2%
- Infants: 2 -6%
Absolute Eosinophil Count
Two types of chambers are available to count absolute eosinophils and they are-
- Fuch-Rosenthal counting chamber
- Improved Neubauer Chamber
The formula for Absolute Eosinophil Count by Fuch-Rosenthal counting chamber
Total number of Eosinophils=(Number of cells counted x 10 x 5)/16
=Number of cells counted x 3.125
Where dilution=10
Area of fluid: 16
Depth of fluid: 1/5
The formula for Absolute Eosinophil Count by Improved Neubauer counting chamber
Total number of eosinophils, cu mm= (Number of cells countedx10)/0.9
Where dilution=10
Area of fluid=9
Depth of fluid=0.1
% Eosinophils Calculation
% Eosinophils= (Absolute count x 100)/Total WBC count
Very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol
VLDL= Triglyceride/5
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol Calculation
LDL = Total Cholesterol – VLDL – HDL
24-hour Urinary Protein Estimation
24 hours Urinary Protein=urinary protein (mg/dl) x total urinary volume
Normal urine protein in adults is less than 150 mg within a 24-hour period.
Sperm Count
Sperms/ ml of semen
Sperm/mL=
(Number Counted x Dilution x 1,0000)/ (Area counted x Depth)
Where,
Dilution: 20
Area of fluid: 4 ( as in WBC Count)
Depth of fluid: 10
= N x 50,000
Micro Loop Factor (MLF)
- The radius of the spot smear (R) = 4 mm
- The radius of the microscope objective (r) = 0.1 mm
- Amount of the suspension in each spot = 5μl = 0.005ml
- Total number of fields counted = 8
MLF = 4×104
of AFBs count per ml =
MLF
AFBs count in 8 microscopic fields
Dilution Factor =
AFB count per ml
3.3 X 105
Note that the optimum dose of bacilli to inoculate mice with is 10,000 bacilli per mL. Per food-pad is 10,000/0.003 = 3.3 x 105
Derived Test for Direct Bilirubin
Direct Bilitubin= Total Bilirubin (TBil)-Unconjugated bilirubin (Bu)
Delta Bilirubin Estimation
Delta Bilirubin(DELB)=Total bilurubin (TBill)- (Bu+Bc)
Where Bu stands for unconjugated bilirubin andBc for Conjugated bilirubin.
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