This site is fully related to medical laboratory information for public and health care professionals.
Medical Lab Notes 
Introduction An Ultra-Low Temperature (ULT) Freezer typically operates within the temperature range of -400C to -860C to safely preserve critical biological samples over long periods. Operating Principle ULT freezers rely on a two-stage cascade refrigeration system to achieve extreme temperatures: Handling Procedure Applications Keynotes Further …
Introduction An N95 respirator is a specialised respiratory protective device certified by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). It is engineered to establish a tight facial seal and deliver highly efficient filtration of airborne particles. The “N” stands for “Not resistant to …
Introduction A KN95 mask is a type of particulate filtering respirator that meets the Chinese regulatory standard GB2626-2006 or GB2626-2019. It is designed to capture and filter out at least 95% of airborne particles measuring 0.3 microns or larger in diameter, including dust, pollen, bacteria, …
Introduction N95 and KN95 masks are high-filtration Filtering Facepiece Respirators (FFRs) designed to protect wearers from airborne particulates. Both are engineered to trap at least 95% of microscopic, non-oil-based particles down to 0.3 microns in size, including dust, pollen, bacteria, and viruses. While they serve …
Introduction NHL begins when lymphocytes (B-cells or T-cells) undergo abnormal changes, causing them to multiply uncontrollably and form tumors. These tumors typically start in the lymph nodes but can spread to other organs like the spleen, liver, or bone marrow. Types of NHLThe NHL is …
Introduction Incineration is a thermal treatment process that combusts organic substances contained in waste materials. These plants are crucial for modern waste management, particularly for hazardous or clinical waste, by providing a sterile, efficient disposal method that reduces the need for landfill space. Modern plants …
Introduction Alcaligenes faecalis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium primarily found in water and soil, but also as a commensal in the human intestinal tract. While it is generally nonpathogenic, it is a significant opportunistic pathogen, particularly in hospital settings where it thrives in moist …
Introduction The Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) for Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL), often known as the rK39 test or Kalazar Detect™, is a specific, non-invasive immunochromatographic assay used to detect antibodies against Leishmania parasites in human serum or blood. Visceral Leishmaniasis (Kala-azar) is a severe, potentially fatal …