This site is fully related to medical laboratory information for public and health care professionals.
Introduction Trichosporon is a genus of anamorphic, yeast-like basidiomycetous fungi widely distributed in nature, particularly in tropical and temperate regions. First identified by Beigel in 1865, it commonly exists as a saprophytic organism in soil, water, plants, and animal droppings. In humans, it is a …
Introduction Saprochaete capitata is an emerging opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes severe, frequently fatal systemic infections in profoundly immunocompromised individuals. It is notorious for its intrinsic resistance to echinocandins and high resistance to fluconazole, which often results in breakthrough fungemia during standard empirical antifungal therapy. …
Introduction to Bacterial Diseases Bacterial diseases are illnesses caused by pathogenic bacteria entering the body, multiplying, and releasing toxins that damage host tissues. These pathogens spread through contaminated food, water, airborne droplets, sexual contact, or vectors. Despite the advent of antibiotics, bacterial infections remain a …
Introduction Alcaligenes faecalis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium primarily found in water and soil, but also as a commensal in the human intestinal tract. While it is generally nonpathogenic, it is a significant opportunistic pathogen, particularly in hospital settings where it thrives in moist …
Introduction Nakaseomyces glabratus (formerly Candida glabrata) is a highly adaptable, haploid yeast that is a common commensal of the human gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts. It is the second or third most common cause of candidiasis worldwide and is notable for its high level of intrinsic and acquired …
Introduction Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) are a large group of over 190 species of mycobacteria that are present in the environment (soil and water). They do not cause tuberculosis or leprosy, and they are opportunistic pathogens, largely infecting individuals with pre-existing lung conditions, weakened immunity, or …
Introduction Small Colony Variants (SCVs) are a subpopulation of bacteria that grow slowly and form unusually small colonies on culture media. They are most commonly described in Staphylococcus aureus, but also occur in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes. SCVs are associated with chronic, …
Introduction Candida albicans is a common fungal pathogen in humans. It inhabits mucosal surfaces naturally and colonizes the gastrointestinal tract and genitourinary system frequently. The organism causes infections in both healthy and immunocompromised individuals and adapts quickly to environmental changes within the host. Clinicians report …