Epidemiology

Fungal Identification-Introduction, Conventional Method and MALDI TOF Method, Application, and Keynotes

by
Conidia, phialides(sterigmata), metullae, and conidiophore of Penicillum in LPCB preparation of culture microscopic examination

Introduction Fungal identification plays a vital role in diagnosing infections. Mycologists use various methods to identify fungal species. Firstly, conventional techniques rely on morphology and culture characteristics. Additionally, molecular assays enhance detection accuracy. Researchers now employ advanced tools to expedite fungal identification. Moreover, timely identification …

Read more

Fungal Typing, Sequencing, and AFLP in Clinical Mycology Lab-Introduction, Purpose, Method, Application, and Conclusion

by
Various Candida species growth on Chromagar-Candida albicans, Candida krusie, Candida tropicalis, and Candida glabrata

Introduction to Advanced Molecular Techniques in Clinical Mycology Clinical mycology laboratories play a crucial role in diagnosing and managing fungal infections. Traditional methods like culture and microscopy are often complemented by advanced molecular techniques to improve the accuracy and speed of fungal identification. Among these …

Read more

Candidiasis-Introduction, Types, Signs and Symptoms, Causative Agent, Laboratory Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Control, and Keynotes

by
Candida albicans growth on SDA after 2 days of incubation

Introduction Candidiasis is an infection caused by Candida fungi, commonly Candida albicans. These fungi naturally live on the skin and inside the body, like in the mouth, throat, gut, and vagina, without causing problems. However, if the environment inside the body changes or the immune …

Read more

Multilocus sequence typing (MLST)-Introduction, Principle, Test Requirements, Procedure, Result-Interpretation, Application, and Keynotes

by

Introduction Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) is a molecular typing technique used in microbiology and genetics to classify and differentiate bacterial strains based on their genetic diversity. MLST is particularly valuable for studying the epidemiology and evolution of bacterial pathogens. Here is an introduction to the …

Read more

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE)-Introduction, Principle, Test Requirements, Procedure, Result-Interpretation, Application, and Keynotes

by
Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE)-Introduction, Principle, Test Requirements, Procedure, Result-Interpretation, Application, and Keynotes

Introduction Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is a powerful laboratory technique used in molecular biology and genetics to separate and analyze large DNA molecules, such as genomic DNA, by their size. PFGE is particularly valuable when studying organisms with complex genomes, such as bacteria, yeast, and …

Read more

Ascaris lumbricoides-Introduction, Morphology, Pathogenicity, Lab Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, and Keynotes

by
Adult Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm)

Introduction Ascaris lumbricoides, commonly known as the “giant roundworm,” is a parasitic nematode (roundworm) that infects the intestines of humans. It is one of the most prevalent and widespread parasitic infections in the world, particularly in areas with poor sanitation and hygiene practices. Here is …

Read more

Respiratory Tract Infections-Introduction, Types, Signs and Symptoms, Common Pathogens, Laboratory Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Control, and Keynotes

by
Respiratory Tract Infections-Introduction, Types, Signs and Symptoms, Common Pathogens, Laboratory Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Control, and Keynotes

Introduction Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are a group of illnesses that affect the respiratory system, which includes the organs and structures involved in breathing. These infections can range from mild to severe and may involve various parts of the respiratory tract, including the upper and …

Read more

Salmonella Typhi IgM and IgG Tests-Introduction, Test Result, Test Method, Clinical Significance, and Keynotes

by
Salmonella Typhi IgM and IgG Tests-Introduction, Test Result, Test Method, Clinical Significance, and Keynotes

Introduction Salmonella Typhi IgM and IgG tests are diagnostic tools used to detect antibodies in the blood that are specific to the bacterium Salmonella Typhi. It is the causative agent of typhoid fever, a potentially serious and life-threatening illness. These tests play a crucial role …

Read more