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Introduction Pathogenicity Lab Diagnosis Treatment Prevention Keynote Keynote Rule of Thumb: Think of Cladophialophora bantiana as “The Neurotropic Black Mold.” It is the most common cause of fungal brain abscesses in immunocompetent hosts. Any radiological ring-enhancing brain mass that mimics a tumor but presents with …
Introduction Geotrichum klebahnii is a rare, opportunistic, yeast-like fungus that is found globally in environments like soil, dairy products, and organic waste, but can act as an emerging pathogen in humans. Along with Geotrichum candidum, it is one of the only species within its genus …
Introduction Colon cancer is a highly prevalent gastrointestinal malignancy originating from the inner lining (mucosal epithelium) of the large intestine. It ranks as the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. While historically more common in older individuals, the incidence has steadily risen in younger …
Introduction GI cancers originate within the human digestive system, spanning from the upper esophagus down to the rectum and anus. These malignancies are often characterized by an insidious onset, meaning they remain asymptomatic or present with non-specific symptoms (such as indigestion, fatigue, or mild abdominal …
Introduction NHL begins when lymphocytes (B-cells or T-cells) undergo abnormal changes, causing them to multiply uncontrollably and form tumors. These tumors typically start in the lymph nodes but can spread to other organs like the spleen, liver, or bone marrow. Types of NHLThe NHL is …
Introduction to IHC Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a powerful laboratory technique that combines anatomical, immunological, and biochemical methods to detect specific antigens (proteins) in tissue sections. By exploiting the principle of antibodies binding specifically to antigens in biological tissues, IHC allows for the visualization of protein …
1. Introduction Rectal cancer is a malignant tumor arising from the epithelial lining of the rectum, the terminal part of the large intestine. It accounts for a significant proportion of colorectal cancers and is a major cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early detection …
Introduction A brain tumor is an abnormal, uncontrolled growth of cells within the brain or its surrounding structures. Brain tumors may be primary (originating in the brain) or secondary (metastatic), spreading from other organs. They can affect individuals of any age and cause significant neurological …