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Introduction GI cancers originate within the human digestive system, spanning from the upper esophagus down to the rectum and anus. These malignancies are often characterized by an insidious onset, meaning they remain asymptomatic or present with non-specific symptoms (such as indigestion, fatigue, or mild abdominal …
Introduction Stomach cancer, also known as gastric cancer, is a malignant tumor arising from the gastric mucosa. It remains a major global health problem, particularly in East Asia and developing countries. Most cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage due to nonspecific early symptoms. Types …
Introduction Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women worldwide and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. It arises from the epithelial cells of the breast, most commonly from the ducts or lobules. Although predominantly affecting women, breast cancer can also occur in men. …
Introduction of Radioimmunoassay (RIA) Radioimmunoassay (RIA) is a highly sensitive and specific laboratory technique used to measure the concentration of various substances, typically hormones, drugs, or specific proteins, in biological samples such as blood, urine, or tissue extracts. RIA combines principles from both radiochemistry and …
Introduction of Cancer antigen 15-3 (CA15-3) Test The Cancer Antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3) Test is a blood test used in the field of oncology and cancer management to measure the levels of a specific biomarker called CA 15-3 in a patient’s bloodstream. This test is …