Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE)-Introduction, Principle, Test Requirements, Procedure, Result-Interpretation, Application, and Keynotes

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE)-Introduction, Principle, Test Requirements, Procedure, Result-Interpretation, Application, and Keynotes

Introduction Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is a powerful laboratory technique used in molecular biology and genetics to separate and analyze large DNA molecules, such as genomic DNA, by their size. PFGE is particularly valuable when studying organisms with complex genomes, such as bacteria, yeast, and …

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E-Test-Introduction, Principle, Test Requirements, Procedure, Result-Interpretation, Application, and Keynotes

Placing Vancomycin E-Test Strip for Staphylococcus aureus

Introduction The E-Test, short for “Epsilometer Test,” is a diagnostic tool used in clinical microbiology and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. It is a method for determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antibiotics or antimicrobial agents against a particular bacterial or fungal pathogen. The E-Test is …

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Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST): Introduction, Principle, Test Methods, Test Requirements, Procedure, and Result Interpretation, Application, and Keynotes

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST): Introduction, Principle, Test Methods, Test Requirements, Procedure, and Result Interpretation, Application, and Keynotes

Introduction Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST) is a laboratory technique used to assess the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents, such as antibiotics, against specific microorganisms. The aim of AST is to determine the susceptibility or resistance of a microorganism to different antimicrobial drugs. This information is crucial …

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Candida Chromagar: Introduction, Principle, Test Requirements, Procedure, Result-Interpretation, and Keynotes

Candida Chromagar: Introduction, Principle, Test Requirements, Procedure, Result-Interpretation, and Keynotes

Introduction Candida Chromagar is a selective and differential agar medium used for the isolation and identification of Candida species. HiMedia is a well-known manufacturer of microbiological culture media and laboratory products. Here are some keywords related to this agar: Principle The principle of Candida Chromagar …

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SARS-COV-2 Antigen Test: Introduction, Principle, Test Requirements, Procedure, Result-Interpreation, Keynotes

SARS-COV-2 Antigen Test Strong Positive-Upper while weak positive -lower test device

Introduction SARS-CoV-2 antigen tests, also known as rapid antigen tests or rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), are diagnostic tests designed to detect specific proteins or antigens from the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which is responsible for the COVID-19 disease. These tests are used to quickly identify active COVID-19 …

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Leptospira Test-Introduction, Principle, Test Requirement, Procedure, Test Result, Test Method, Result-Interpretation, and Keynotes

Leptospira Test-Rapid Test Device, Diluent, and Specimen

Introduction of Leptospira Rapid Diagnostic Test  Leptospira rapid diagnostic test is for both present and past infection status, immunoglobulin M (IgM) indicates present history whereas immunoglobulin G (IgG) indicates past as shown above picture. Advantage Lepto IgG/IgM Combo Rapid Test is a visual, rapid, sensitive, …

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Scrub Typhus Antibody Test-Introduction, Principle, Test Requirements, Procedure, Result Interpretation, Test Result, Test Method, Limitations, and Keynotes

Scrub Typhus Antibody Test-Negative and Positive Results

Introduction of Scrub Typhus  Scrub typhus and typhoid are quite different but common thing is that both cover fever. Scrub typhus also known as bush typhus, is a disease caused by the intracellular parasite, Orientia ( formerly Rickettsia)  tsutsugamushi and typhoid by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi. Both causative agents are bacteria. Scrub …

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MR-VP Test: Introduction, Principle, Test Requirement, Procedure, Result- Interpretation, and Keynotes

Result and Interpretation of Voges Proskauer Test

Introduction of MR-VP Test MR-VP test stands for Methyl Red –Voges Proskauer Test. MR-VP test will be discussed in two tests separately. One is for Methyl Red (MR) test and while other is for Voges Proskauer (VP)test. Introduction of Methyl Red Test The Methyl Red test is …

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