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Introduction HLA-B27 (Human Leukocyte Antigen B27) is a specific genetic variant of the HLA-B gene located on chromosome 6. While HLA proteins normally help the immune system distinguish between the body’s own cells and foreign invaders, the B27 variant is a well-known risk factor for …
Introduction Blood cancer, also known as hematological malignancy, refers to a group of cancers that originate in the blood-forming tissues, including the bone marrow, lymphatic system, and blood cells. Unlike solid tumors, blood cancers affect the production, function, and lifespan of blood cells, leading to …
Introduction Pleural fluid is the liquid collected from the pleural space between the lung and chest wall. Microscopic examination of pleural fluid plays a key role in identifying the underlying cause of pleural effusion. It helps distinguish between transudates and exudates, detect infectious organisms, malignant …