Fungal Identification-Introduction, Conventional Method and MALDI TOF Method, Application, and Keynotes

Conidia, phialides(sterigmata), metullae, and conidiophore of Penicillum in LPCB preparation of culture microscopic examination

Introduction Fungal identification plays a vital role in diagnosing infections. Mycologists use various methods to identify fungal species. Firstly, conventional techniques rely on morphology and culture characteristics. Additionally, molecular assays enhance detection accuracy. Researchers now employ advanced tools to expedite fungal identification. Moreover, timely identification …

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Pantoea agglomerans-Introduction, Morphology, Pathogenicity, Lab Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, and Keynote

Pantoea agglomerans in Gram staining of culture

Introduction Pantoea agglomerans, a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic bacterium, belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae family. Moreover, it is commonly found in soil, plants, and water. Interestingly, it plays a dual role as a plant symbiont and an opportunistic human pathogen. Additionally, P. agglomerans colonizes plant tissues and …

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Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) in Clinical Mycology-Introduction, Application, and Keynote

Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) in Clinical Mycology-Introduction, Application, and Keynote

Introduction Next-generation sequencing (NGS) in Clinical Mycology is revolutionizing the diagnosis, typing, and antifungal resistance profiling of fungal pathogens. Application Here’s an overview of its applications: Candida spp.: Aspergillus spp.: CYP51A: Azole resistance due to mutations in ergosterol synthesis. Advantages of NGS in Clinical Mycology …

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Fungal Typing, Sequencing, and AFLP in Clinical Mycology Lab-Introduction, Purpose, Method, Application, and Conclusion

Various Candida species growth on Chromagar-Candida albicans, Candida krusie, Candida tropicalis, and Candida glabrata

Introduction to Advanced Molecular Techniques in Clinical Mycology Clinical mycology laboratories play a crucial role in diagnosing and managing fungal infections. Traditional methods like culture and microscopy are often complemented by advanced molecular techniques to improve the accuracy and speed of fungal identification. Among these …

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Aeromonas salmonicida- Introduction, Morphology, Pathogenicity, Lab Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, and Keynotes

Aeromonas salmocida growth on MacConkey agar of sputum culture

Introduction Aeromonas salmonicida is a notorious bacterium primarily targeting fish, causing the deadly disease known as furunculosis. Typically found in freshwater and marine environments, it poses a significant threat to aquaculture industries worldwide. This bacterium spreads quickly, particularly in crowded conditions like those found in …

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Raoultella ornithinolytica: Introduction, Morphology, Pathogenicity, Lab Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, and Keynotes

Routella ornithinolytica lactose fermenting colony on MacConkey agar

Introduction Raoultella ornithinolytica is a Gram-negative, encapsulated, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae. Originally classified under the genus Klebsiella, it has been reclassified due to its distinct biochemical properties, including the ability to metabolize ornithine. This bacterium is commonly found in water, soil, …

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Neuron-Specific Enolase (NSE) Blood Test-Introduction, Test Result, Unit, Reference Range, Test Methods, Clinical Significance, and Keynotes

Introduction The Neuron-Specific Enolase (NSE) Blood Test is a medical diagnostic test used to measure the level of neuron-specific enolase, an enzyme found in neurons, in a patient’s blood. This test is valuable in various clinical settings, particularly in neurology and oncology, and it provides …

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E. aerogenes: Introduction, Morphology, Pathogenicity, Lab Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, and Keynotes

Enterobacter aerogenes colony morphology on CLED agar of urine culture

Introduction Enterobacter aerogenes is a bacterium belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family, which includes several other important pathogens and opportunistic bacteria. E. aerogenes is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that is commonly found in various environments, including soil, water, and the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and animals. …

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