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Introduction The NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro B-type Natriuretic Peptide) test is a vital cardiac biomarker blood test used primarily to screen for, diagnose, and monitor heart failure. NT-proBNP is a physiologically inactive prohormone fragment released into the bloodstream alongside active BNP when the heart walls stretch …
Introduction The QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus) is a highly sensitive fourth-generation Interferon Gamma Release Assay (IGRA). It acts as an indirect, in vitro blood screening test used to identify infections caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. This advanced laboratory assay serves as a modern alternative …
Introduction TB-LAMP (Tuberculosis Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification) is a manual, rapid molecular diagnostic test endorsed by the World Health Organization (WHO) to detect the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) in sputum samples. It serves as a highly sensitive alternative to traditional sputum smear microscopy, particularly optimized for …
Introduction Colon cancer is a highly prevalent gastrointestinal malignancy originating from the inner lining (mucosal epithelium) of the large intestine. It ranks as the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. While historically more common in older individuals, the incidence has steadily risen in younger …
Encircle the correct Answer of the Following question. 1) What is the full form of LQAS? 2) What are the components of the Quality Assurance system? 3) LQAS is based on… 4) GeneXpert testing detects… 5) The slide positivity rate is determined in LQAS is …
Introduction HLA-B27 (Human Leukocyte Antigen B27) is a specific genetic variant of the HLA-B gene located on chromosome 6. While HLA proteins normally help the immune system distinguish between the body’s own cells and foreign invaders, the B27 variant is a well-known risk factor for …
Introduction Second-line drug susceptibility testing (SL-DST) for tuberculosis is a crucial laboratory procedure designed to detect resistance to anti-TB drugs used when first-line treatment fails (i.e., multidrug-resistant TB – MDR-TB). Principle SL-DST measures the susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to specific agents by determining the Critical …
Introduction The Xpert MTB/RIF assay is an automated, cartridge-based molecular test used to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and rifampicin (RIF) resistance, the most potent first-line anti-TB drug. Endorsed by the WHO in 2010, the Xpert MTB/RIF assay revolutionized TB diagnosis by providing results in less than two …