Respiratory Tract Infections-Introduction, Types, Signs and Symptoms, Common Pathogens, Laboratory Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Control, and Keynotes

Respiratory Tract Infections-Introduction, Types, Signs and Symptoms, Common Pathogens, Laboratory Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Control, and Keynotes

Introduction Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are a group of illnesses that affect the respiratory system, which includes the organs and structures involved in breathing. These infections can range from mild to severe and may involve various parts of the respiratory tract, including the upper and …

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Serratia liquefaciens: Introduction, Morphology, Pathogenicity, Lab Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, and Keynotes

Serratia liquefaciens and Klebsiella pneumoniae growth on CLED agar of Urine Culture

Introduction Serratia liquefaciens is a species of Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria belonging to the genus Serratia. This bacterium is known for its diverse distribution in various environmental niches, including water, soil, plants, and human-related habitats. It has also been associated with clinical infections in humans, making …

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Wound Infections- Introduction, Types, Sign and Symptoms, Common Pathogens, Laboratory Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Control, and Keynotes

Introduction Wound infections refer to the invasion and multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria, in a wound or injury site. These infections can occur after various types of wounds, including surgical incisions, traumatic injuries, burns, and chronic ulcers. Wound infections are a common complication …

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Streptococcus agalactiae: Introduction, Morphology, Pathogenicity, Lab Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, and Keynotes

Beta-haemolytic colony of Streptococcus agalactiae on 5% sheep blood agar of clinical specimen, High Vaginal Swab (HVS)

Introduction Streptococcus agalactiae, commonly known as Group B Streptococcus (GBS), is a Gram-positive bacterium belonging to the Streptococcaceae family. It is a significant human pathogen known for causing various infections in both adults and newborns. The bacterium is typically found as a part of the …

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Salmonella Agglutination Test: Introduction, Test Result, Test Method, Clinical Significane, and Keynotes

Salmonella Agglutination Test

Introduction The Salmonella agglutination test is a laboratory diagnostic method used to identify and serotype Salmonella based on their surface antigens. Salmonella is a genus of bacteria that includes various species, some of which can cause foodborne illnesses and gastroenteritis in humans and animals. The …

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Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL): Introduction, List of Bacteria, Pathogenicity, Symptoms, Lab Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, and Keynotes

Extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) detection using Double-Disc Synergy Test (DDST)

Introduction ESBL stands for Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase. It refers to a group of enzymes produced by certain types of bacteria that can break down and inactivate a broad range of antibiotics called beta-lactams. Beta-lactams include commonly used antibiotics like penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems. ESBL-producing bacteria are …

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Listeria monocytogenes: Introduction, Morphology, Pathogenicity, Lab Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, and Keynotes

Listeria monocytogenes colony morphology on blood agar-Upper side

Introduction Listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium that is widely distributed in nature and can cause a serious foodborne infection known as listeriosis. It is one of the few bacterial species capable of growing at refrigeration temperatures, making it a significant concern for food …

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Quorum Sensing: Introduction, Its Role in Virulence, and Possibilities for Its Control, and Keynotes

Another organism responsible for quorum sensing- Staphylococcus aureus and its growth on blood agar of clinical specimen, pus

Introduction Quorum sensing (QS) is a sophisticated cell-to-cell communication system used by bacteria to coordinate group behaviors based on the population density. It enables bacterial cells to communicate and synchronize their activities by detecting and responding to small signaling molecules called autoinducers. In quorum sensing, …

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