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Introduction Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. It arises from the epithelial cells of the bronchial tree or alveoli and is strongly associated with tobacco smoking, although non-smokers may also be affected due to environmental and occupational exposures. Late …
Introduction Liver cancer is a major global health problem and ranks among the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. It primarily arises from hepatocytes or bile duct epithelial cells and is frequently associated with chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. The most common form is primary …
Introduction Grocott’s Methenamine Silver (GMS) stain is a histochemical staining method primarily used to detect fungi in tissue sections. However, it can also stain certain acid-fast organisms like Mycobacteria, especially in tissue biopsies where standard Ziehl-Neelsen or fluorescent stains may miss them. The technique enhances …
Introduction The total protein test measures the combined amount of albumin and globulin in your bloodstream.Moreover, it offers important insights into liver function and overall nutritional status. However, doctors may also order this test to evaluate chronic disease or infection risk. In addition, abnormalities in …