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Medical Lab Notes Introduction and Types Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) represents a group of cancers that develop in the upper layers of the skin, distinct from melanoma. They are the most commonly diagnosed malignancies worldwide. While they grow slowly and rarely metastasize compared to melanoma, they can cause …
Introduction HLA-B27 (Human Leukocyte Antigen B27) is a specific genetic variant of the HLA-B gene located on chromosome 6. While HLA proteins normally help the immune system distinguish between the body’s own cells and foreign invaders, the B27 variant is a well-known risk factor for …
Introduction Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) and Healthcare Waste Management (HCWM) are critical systems used to minimize the spread of pathogens, protecting patients, healthcare workers, and the environment. Approximately 15–25% of healthcare waste is considered hazardous, necessitating strict management protocols. IPC is an evidence-based approach …
Introduction Orientia and Rickettsia are two closely related genera of bacteria within the family Rickettsiaceae. Both are small, gram-negative, obligate intracellular pathogens, meaning they can only grow and replicate inside the living cells of their hosts. While they share many clinical features—such as causing fever, …
Introduction A Biosafety Officer (BSO) is a technical expert responsible for the strategic and integrated management of biological risks within an organization. Acting as the human component of a biosafety system, they ensure that laboratory practices, containment, and procedures minimize unintentional exposure to pathogens and …
Introduction to IHC Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a powerful laboratory technique that combines anatomical, immunological, and biochemical methods to detect specific antigens (proteins) in tissue sections. By exploiting the principle of antibodies binding specifically to antigens in biological tissues, IHC allows for the visualization of protein …
Introduction A Tru-cut biopsy, also known as a core needle biopsy (CNB), is a minimally invasive diagnostic procedure used to extract a small, solid cylinder (core) of tissue from a suspicious mass. Unlike Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA), which only collects individual cells, a Tru-cut biopsy …
Introducton The VITEK 2 Yeast AST system is a fully automated solution for the quantitative determination of antifungal susceptibility in clinically significant yeasts, such as Candida species. It provides rapid and accurate results, often in as little as 13 to 24 hours. Name of Card …