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Microbes Responsible for Bloodstream Infections: Introduction, List of Microbes, and Keynotes

Introduction of Microbes Responsible for Bloodstream Infections

Bloodstream infections (BSIs) occur when microbes can enter the bloodstream as a severe complication of infections like pneumonia or meningitis, during surgery, or due to catheters and other foreign bodies invading the arteries or veins. Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are associated with significant patient sepsis-related morbidity and mortality across the globe.

Fig. Upper left-bacterial colony, upper right-Strongyloides stercoralis (parasite), lower left-SARS-CoV antigen tests-Positive, lower right-Mucor structures in LPCB tease mount while background with Gram-positive cocci in singles, pairs, and chains

List of Microbes Responsible for Bloodstream Infections

A common list of etiological agents of bloodstream infections (BSI) is as follows-

Type of MicrobesOrganisms
BacteriaStaphylococcus aureus
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS)
Streptococcus pyogenes
Streptococcus agalactiae
Enterococcus species
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Viridans streptococci
Salmonella Typhi
Salmonella Paratyphi
Escherichia coli
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Enterobacter cloacae
Proteus species
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Brucella species
VirusHuman Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Epstein- Barr Virus
Cytomegalovirus
FungiCandida albicans
Cryptococcus neoformans
Coccidiodes immitis
Histoplasma Capsulatium
Blastomyces dermatitidis
Mucor species
Aspergillus species
ParasitesPlasmodium species
Trypanosoma
Babesia
Wuchereria
Loa loa
Table: Etiological agents of bloodstream infections

Keynotes on Microbes Responsible for Bloodstream Infections

  • Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli are the most common cause of both community and hospital-acquired bloodstream infections (BSIs).
  • The frequency of invasive mycoses due to opportunistic fungal pathogens is increasing significantly.
  • The patient populations at risk for the development of serious fungal infections are due to solid-organ transplantation, blood, and marrow transplantation (BMT), major surgery, and those with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), neoplastic disease, immunosuppressive therapy, advanced age, and premature birth.
  • Blood parasites are organisms that live in the blood of their hosts and they are malaria parasites (Plasmodium species), microfilaria (Wuchereria, Loa loa), trypanosomes, and Babesia.
Medical Lab Notes

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