Klebsiella pneumoniae: Introduction, Identification Features, Keynotes, and Klebsiella pneumoniae Footages

Introduction

The genus Klebsiella is from the surname of  German-Swiss microbiologist Edwin Klebs (1834–1913). Klebsiella is a member of the family, Enterobacteriaceae and it is a Gram-negative, oxidase-negative, fimbriated, non -motile, non-sporing rod-shaped bacterium with a prominent polysaccharide-based capsule and having a size of 0.5 to 0.8 µm wide to 1-2 µm. It is found everywhere in nature and also in bacterial flora in our intestines. It may cause severe bronchopneumonia, urinary tract infections, nosocomial infections, wound infections, septicemia, meningitis, and rarely diarrhea too. Subspecies of Klebsiella pneumoniae are Klebsiella pneumoniae subspecies ozaenae, Klebsiella pneumoniae subspecies pneumoniae, and Klebsiella pneumoniae subspecies rhinoscleromatis.

Identification Features of Klebsiella pneumoniae

Basic FeaturesProperties
1. Gram StainingGram-Negative Rods (GNRs)
2. SporeNon-Sporing
3. CapsulePositive
4. MotilityNegative (Non-motile)
5. PigmentNegative
6. Growth in potassium cyanide (KCN) mediumPositive
7. Catalase testPositive
8. Oxidase testNegative
9. Nitrate reduction testPositive
10. MR (Methyl Red) testNegative
11. VP (Voges- Proskauer) assayPositive
12. OF (Oxidative-Fermentative) testFermentative
13. GasPositive
14. H2S productionNegative
15. Indole formationNegative
16. Urease/ urea hydrolysis testPositive
17. Citrate/ citrate utilizationPositive
18. DNase testNegative
19. Glucose fermentationPositive 
20. Maltose fermentationPositive
21. Lactose fermentationPositive
22. Sucrose fermentationPositive
23. Xylose fermentationPositive
24. Mannitol fermentationPositive
25. Acetate UtilizationVariable
26. ONPG (β-galactosidase)Positive
27. Phenylalanine Deaminase (PDA)/PPA TestNegative
28. Lipase testNegative
29. Esculin Hydrolysis testPositive
30. Lysine Decarboxylase TestPositive
31. Ornithine Decarboxylase TestNegative
32. Arginine Dihydrolase TestNegative
Table: Properties of Klebsiella pneumoniae

Klebsiella Footages

K. pneumoniae of blood sample growth in BHI broth

Klebsiella pneumoniae  of blood sample growth in BHI broth
Fig. K. pneumoniae of blood sample growth in BHI broth

K. pneumoniae colony characteristics on nutrient agar

Klebsiella pneumoniae colony characteristics on nutrient agar
Fig. K. pneumoniae colony characteristics on nutrient agar

K. pneumoniae colony morphology on MacConkey agar

Klebsiella pneumoniae colony morphology on MacConkey agar
Fig. K. pneumoniae colony morphology on MacConkey agar

K. pneumoniae biochemical tests in TSI, SIM, Citrate and Urea agar

Klebsiella pneumoniae biochemical tests in TSI, SIM, Citrate and Urea agar
Fig. K. pneumoniae biochemical tests in TSI, SIM, Citrate and Urea agar

Mucoid lactose fermenting colony of K. pneumoniae on MacConkey agar

Mucoid lactose fermenting colony of Klebsiella pneumoniae on MacConkey agar
Fig. Mucoid lactose fermenting colony of K. pneumoniae on MacConkey agar

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST) Pattern of K. pneumoniae showing MDR

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST) Pattern of Klebsiella pneumoniae showing MDR
Fig. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST) Pattern of K. pneumoniae showing MDR

Turbid urine of UTI patient having numerous pus cells and non- motile bacteria

Turbid urine of UTI patient  having numerous pus cells and non- motile bacteria
Fig. Turbid urine of UTI patient having numerous pus cells and non-motile bacteria

Pus cells and bacteria in urine microscopy at a high magnification

Pus cells and bacteria in urine microscopy at a high magnification-
Fig. Pus cells and bacteria in urine microscopy at high magnification 1600X

K. pneumoniae growth on blood agar

Klebsiella pneumoniae growth on blood agar
Fig. K. pneumoniae growth on blood agar

Klebsiella pneumoniae growth on MacConkey medium

Klebsiella pneumoniae growth on MacConkey medium
Fig. K. pneumoniae growth on MacConkey medium

Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) of Klebsiella pneumoniae in Gram staining of culture

Gram negative bacilli (GNB) of Klebsiella pneumoniae in Gram staining of culture
Fig. Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) of K. pneumoniae in Gram staining of culture

Klebsiella pneumoniae biochemical reactions in MIU, TSI and citrate agar

Klebsiella pneumoniae biochemical reactions in MIU, TSI and citrate agar
Fig. K. pneumoniae biochemical reactions in MIU, TSI, and citrate agar

Antibiogram of K. pneumoniae isolated from urine specimen

Antibiogram of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from urine specimen-
Fig. Antibiogram of K. pneumoniae isolated from urine specimen

K. pneumoniae in polychrome Loeffler methylene blue wet mount microscopy at high magnification

Klebsiella pneumoniae in polychrome Loeffler methylene blue wet mount microscopy at a high magnification
Fig. K. pneumoniae in polychrome Loeffler methylene blue wet mount microscopy at high magnification (1200X)

K. pneumoniae capsule in negative staining

Klebsiella pneumoniae capsule in negative staining
Fig. K. pneumoniae capsule (clear zone around the bacterium) in negative staining at a magnification of 2000X

Further Reading

  1. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/klebsiella-pneumoniae
  2. https://universe84a.com/klebsiella-pneumoniae/
  3. Cowan & Steel’s Manual for identification of Medical Bacteria. Editors: G.I. Barron & R.K. Felthani, 3rd ed 1993, Publisher Cambridge University Press.
  4. Bailey & Scott’s Diagnostic Microbiology. Editors: Bettey A. Forbes, Daniel F. Sahm & Alice S. Weissfeld, 12th ed 2007, Publisher Elsevier.
  5. Mackie and Mc Cartney Practical Medical Microbiology. Editors: J.G. Colle, A.G. Fraser, B.P. Marmion, A. Simmous, 4th ed, Publisher Churchill Living Stone, New York, Melborne, Sans Franscisco 1996.
  6. Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology. Editors: Connie R. Mahon, Donald G. Lehman & George Manuselis, 3rd edition2007, Publisher Elsevier.

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