The genus Klebsiella is from the surname of German-Swiss microbiologist Edwin Klebs (1834–1913). Klebsiella is a member of the family, Enterobacteriaceae and it is a Gram-negative, oxidase-negative, fimbriated, non -motile, non-sporing rod-shaped bacterium with a prominent polysaccharide-based capsule and having a size of 0.5 to 0.8 µm wide to 1-2 µm. Klebsiella oxytoca is naturally found in the intestinal tract, mouth, and nose. This organism is a gut bacterium inside our intestines whereas, outside the gut, it can cause serious infections.
It is commonly spread in healthcare environments like nursing homes and intensive care units (ICU) of the hospital. It is an opportunistic organism and it may cause infections in immunocompromised hosts. K. oxytoca is the etiological agent of pneumonia, urinary tract infections (UTIs), and wound infections. The risk factors for developing infections are prolonged hospital stay, long-term antibiotics use, use of a ventilator, IV catheter, and having diabetes.
Identification Features of Klebsiella oxytoca
Table of Contents
| Basic Features | Properties |
| 1. Gram Staining | Gram-Negative Rods (GNRs) |
| 2. Spore | Non-Sporing |
| 3. Capsule | Positive |
| 4. Motility | Negative (Non-motile) |
| 5. Pigment | Negative |
| 6. Growth in potassium cyanide (KCN) medium | Positive |
| 7. Catalase test | Positive |
| 8. Oxidase test | Negative |
| 9. Nitrate reduction test | Positive |
| 10. MR (Methyl Red) test | Negative |
| 11. VP (Voges- Proskauer) assay | Positive |
| 12. OF (Oxidative-Fermentative) test | Fermentative |
| 13. Gas | Variable |
| 14. H2S production | Negative |
| 15. Indole formation | Positive |
| 16. Urease/urea hydrolysis test | Positive |
| 17. Citrate/ citrate utilization | Positive |
| 18. DNase test | Negative |
| 19. Glucose fermentation | Positive |
| 20. Maltose fermentation | Positive |
| 21. Lactose fermentation | Positive |
| 22. Sucrose fermentation | Positive |
| 23. Xylose fermentation | Positive |
| 24. Mannitol fermentation | Positive |
| 25. Acetate Utilization | Variable |
| 26. ONPG (β-galactosidase) | Positive |
| 27. Phenylalanine Deaminase (PDA)/PPA Test | Positive |
| 28. Lipase test | Negative |
| 29. Esculin Hydrolysis test | Positive |
| 30. Lysine Decarboxylase Test | Positive |
| 31. Ornithine Decarboxylase Test | Negative |
| 32. Arginine Dihydrolase Test | Negative |
Klebsiella oxytoca Footages
Klebsiella oxytoca biochemical tests in TSI, SIM, Urea and Citrate Agar Demonstration
Indole positive Klebsiella oxytoca in SIM agar
Klebsiella oxytoca in Gram staining of culture showing Gram Negative Rods
Further Readings on Klebsiella oxytoca
- Cowan & Steel’s Manual for identification of Medical Bacteria. Editors: G.I. Barron & R.K. Felthani, 3rd ed 1993, Publisher Cambridge University Press.
- Bailey & Scott’s Diagnostic Microbiology. Editors: Bettey A. Forbes, Daniel F. Sahm & Alice S. Weissfeld, 12th ed 2007, Publisher Elsevier.
- Mackie and Mc Cartney Practical Medical Microbiology. Editors: J.G. Colle, A.G. Fraser, B.P. Marmion, A. Simmous, 4th ed, Publisher Churchill Living Stone, New York, Melborne, Sans Franscisco 1996.
- Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology. Editors: Connie R. Mahon, Donald G. Lehman & George Manuselis, 3rd edition2007, Publisher Elsevier.
- https://universe84a.com/common-bacteria-biochemical-test-demonstration/
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/pharmacology-toxicology-and-pharmaceutical-science/klebsiella-oxytoca
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