Nucleic acid extraction of Virus
Table of Contents
The virus has either DNA or RNA nucleic acid and RNA viruses have RNA nucleic acids. During the replication of these viruses, there are at least three types of RNA that must be synthesized. They are- the genome, a copy of the genome (copy genome), and mRNAs. Some of these viruses also synthesize copies of subgenomic mRNAs. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) is the key player in all of these processes. During the viral genome synthesis replicase complex is required while RNA helicases help to unwind base-paired regions of the RNA genome and ATPases supply energy for the polymerization process. Some RNA viruses and causing diseases are mentioned in a table.
| S.No. | Name of viruses | Disease/infection |
| 1. | HIV | AIDS |
| 2. | HCV, HAV, HEV | Hepatitis |
| 3. | Rubella | Rubella (German Measles) |
| 4. | Dengue virus | Dengue fever |
| 5. | Influenza virus | Influenza (flu)/Seasonal influenza |
| 6. | SARS-CoV-2 virus | COVID-19 |
| 7. | Rabies virus( Rabies lyssavirus) | Rabies |
| 8. | Poliovirus | Polio/ poliomyelitis |
| 9. | Noroviruses | Acute gastrointestinal illness |
Viruses family, common names, virion, capsid symmetry, nucleic acid type, and grouping are as follows-
| Virus Family | Common Name | Virion naked/ enveloped | Capsid Symmetry | Nucleic acid type | Group |
| Reoviridae | Reovirus, Rotavirus | Naked | Icosahedral | Ds | III |
| Picornaviridae | Enterovirus Coxsackie, Rhinovirus, Poliovirus, Hepatovirus, Arbovirus | Naked | Icosahedral | Ss | IV |
| Caliciviridae | Norwalk virus, Hepatitis E virus | Naked | Icosahedral | Ss | IV |
| Togaviridae | Rubella virus | Enveloped | Icosahedral | Ss | IV |
| Arenaviridae | Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus | Enveloped | Complex | Ss(-) | V |
| Flaviviridae | Dengue virus, Hepatitis C virus, Yellow fever virus | Enveloped | Icosahedral | Ss | IV |
| Orthomyxoviridae | Influenzavirus A, Influenzavirus B, Influenzavirus C | Enveloped | Helical | ss(-) | V |
| Paramyxoviridae | Measles virus, Mumps virus, Respiratory syncytial virus, | Enveloped | Helical | ss(-) | V |
| Bunyaviridae | California encephalitis virus, Hantavirus | Enveloped | Helical | ss(-) | V |
| Rhabdoviridae | Rabies virus | Enveloped | Helical | ss(-) | V |
| Filoviridae | Ebola virus, Marburg virus | Enveloped | Helical | ss(-) | V |
| Coronaviridae | Coronavirus | Enveloped | Helical | Ss | IV |
| Astroviridae | Astrovirus | Naked | Icosahedral | Ss | IV |
| Bornaviridae | Borna disease virus | Enveloped | Helical | ss(-) | V |
| Arteriviridae | Arterivirus, Equine Arteritis Virus | Enveloped | Icosahedral | ss | IV |
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