Introduction The disk diffusion assay for molds is a standardized antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) method that evaluates the sensitivity or…
Introduction Fungal infections caused by yeasts, particularly Candida and Cryptococcus species, represent a significant clinical challenge in immunocompromised and critically…
Introduction Fig. Candida colony morphology on Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) Fungal infections represent a growing concern in both immunocompromised and…
Introduction Leucine crystals are rare urinary findings that typically appear in patients with severe liver disease, such as advanced cirrhosis,…
Introduction Sulfonamide crystals are drug-induced urinary crystals that appear in patients receiving sulfonamide (sulfa) therapy, particularly when urine is acidic,…
Introduction Urate crystals, also referred to as uric acid crystals, are metabolic by-products of purine metabolism found in urine. They…
Introduction Fig. Collected Ascitic Fluid Ascitic fluid microscopy is a laboratory diagnostic method used to examine peritoneal (ascitic) fluid obtained…
Introduction Fig. Collected Pleural Fluid- Pleural fluid is the liquid collected from the pleural space between the lung and chest…