Introduction of Shigella Serotyping Shigella Serotyping helps to differentiate serotypes of Shigella. Serotypes refer to separate groups within a species of microorganisms that…
Introduction of XLD Agar XLD agar is a selective, differential, and indicator medium for the isolation of enteric pathogens. XLD stands for…
Introduction of Shigella flexneri Shigella are Gram-negative bacilli measuring about 1-3 µm X 0.5 µm. They are non-motile, non-encapsulated, non-sporing,…
Fig. Clear Explanation of Exotoxins and Endotoxins Introduction of Exotoxins and Endotoxins Numerous bacteria produce toxins, enzymes, and pigments. Toxins…
Introduction of Enterobacteriaceae The family Enterobacteriaceae was first proposed by Rahn in 1936 and it is a very large group…
Fig. Lactose Fermenter (LF)-Pink colony-Right side and Non-Lactose Fermenter (NLF)-pale or no color change-Left side Gram-Negative Bacteria on MacConkey agar…
Introduction of Amoebic dysentery and Bacillary dysentery Amoebic dysentery or amoebiasis is an intestinal infection caused by a unicellular (protozoan)…