Introduction of Biomedical Waste
Table of Contents
Biomedical Waste is defined as waste that is generated during the diagnosis treatment or immunization of human beings and is contaminated with patients’ body fluids. (WHO)
It includes :
- Syringes, needles, ampules,
- Organs and body parts
- Dressings, disposable plastics
- Microbiological waste
Sources of biomedical waste areas are government hospitals, private hospitals, nursing homes, physicians or dental clinics, dispensaries, medical research and training establishments, blood banks, collection centers, laboratories, animal houses, and slaughterhouses.
Classification, Segregation, and Management
A variety of biomedical wastes are available but for simplicity, it is divided only into three categories-
- Non-infectious
- Infectious sharp
- Non-infectious sharps
Non-Infectious Waste
e.g.plastic bottles, metal cans, wrapping, packing paper
Collect in a blue container with a lid
Dispose of municipal waste
Infectious sharp
e..g. used needles, blades, scissors
Collect in a yellow leakproof, puncture-resistant container with a lid
It can further be treated by two methods-
Autoclaving- 121°C at 15 lbs for 30 minutes
Disinfection: Disinfect in hypochlorite solution
soak in 4-5% hypochlorite solution for 1-2 hours
Destroy using a needle destroyer
Bury or handover to the municipality
Non-Infectious Biomedical Waste
Non-Infectious Sharp Waste
Collect waste in a red leakproof container
This type of waste is further classified into two categories-
- Infectious Liquid
- Infectious Solid
Infectious Liquid: It is further of two types-
- Blood component not for use, microbial liquid specimens
- Effluent
Blood component not for use, microbial liquid specimens
Place the units or specimens in an autoclavable plastic bag.
Place the bag in an autoclave bucket.
Autoclave 121°C at 15 lbs for 30 minutes
Bury
Effluent
Pour in 2% sodium hypochlorite solution to stand for a minimum of 2 hours.
Flush in sink/drain
Infectious Solid
It is further subdivided into-
- Reusable infectious waste
- Non-reusable infectious waste
Reusable infectious waste
Reusable e.g. test tubes, glassware, tiles
Soak in 1% sodium hypochlorite solution for a minimum of 2 hours.
Wash with liquid soap with ample water
Dry in a hot air oven and reuse
Non-reusable infectious waste
Contaminated swabs, papers, and plastics come in this group.
Autoclave 121°C at 15 lbs for 30 minutes
Either bury it or handover to the municipality
Objective of Management
The following are the goals of its management-
- To protect against the risk of spreading diseases.
- To protect the health and well-being of health personnel and the community.
- To protect against injury and potentially fatal infection.
- To provide environment-friendly waste management solutions.
- To promote the quality and sustainability of the environment.
Further Readings
- https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335919899_Biomedical_Waste_and_its_Management
- http://www.gmch.gov.in/sites/default/files/documents/Biomedical%20Waste%20Management.pdf
- https://applications.emro.who.int/imemrf/Professional_Med_J_Q/Professional_Med_J_Q_2013_20_6_988_994.pdf
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4925840/
- https://biomedpharmajournal.org/vol11no3/biomedical-waste-management-a-study-on-assessment-of-knowledge-attitude-and-practices-among-health-care-professionals-in-a-tertiary-care-teaching-hospital-2/
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