Introduction of Serological Tests
Table of Contents
Serological tests also known as serology tests or antigen or antibody tests are any of several laboratory procedures carried out on blood specimens (the serum-an amber-colored, protein-rich fluid that separates out when blood coagulates) for the purpose of detecting antibodies or antibody-like substances that appear specifically in association with certain clinical conditions or diseases. Common examples of serology tests are precipitation, flocculation, agglutination, neutralization, hemagglutinin-inhibition tests, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), radioimmunoassay (RIA) and chemiluminescence immunoassays.
Some Common Serological Tests and Detection Methods
Common serological tests as well as alternative detection methods are as follows-
| S.No | Serological Assays | Method/s |
| 1. | CRP (C-Reactive Protein) | Nephelometry/Latex agglutination |
| 2. | RF (Rheumatoid Factor) | Nephelometry/Latex agglutination |
| 3. | ASO (Anti-Streptolysin O) | Nephelometry/Latex agglutination |
| 4. | Malarial antigen test | Immunochromatography |
| 5. | Scrub Typhus Antibody | Immunochromatography/ELISA/PCR |
| 6. | Leishmania | Immunochromatography/ELISA/ PCR |
| 7. | Dengue IgG/IgM, NS1 | Immunochromatography/PCR |
| 8. | Brucella | Immunochromatography/ELISA/ PCR/Brucella agglutination Test |
| 9. | Leptospira | Immunochromatography/PCR/MAT |
| 10. | H. Pylori antibody | Immunochromatography/ELISA/PCR |
| 11. | H. Pylori antigen | Immunochromatography/ELISA/PCR |
| 12. | COVID-19 Ag/Antibody or genes test | Immunochromatography/ELISA/PCR |
Keynotes
- Serology tests are common tests even in low-setup laboratories.
- HIV, HBsAg, and HCV are the most prevalent tests in serology.
- Most of the rapid serology tests work on the principle of immunochromatography.
Pictures pertaining to Serological Tests
Blood samples for serological tests
Dengue NS1 antigen positive while antibodies IgM and IgG negative
SARS-CoV-2 antigen rapid test-Negative
SARS-CoV-2 antigen test-positive
Widal Test for Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever
Helicobacter pylori rapid test negative
Hepatitis A Virus Rapid Test-Negative
Scrub Typhus (Tsutsugamushi) IgM & IgG Rapid Card Test-Positive
Urine pregnancy test (UPT)-Positive
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) Test-Positive
A collection of serological test devices
RPR Test Reactive
Scrub Typhus Rapid Antibody Test-Positive
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