Introduction of Biochemistry Test
Table of Contents
Biochemistry is the branch of medicine that deals with a series of blood tests used to evaluate the functional ability of several critical organs and systems of the body. e.g. renal function test (RFT) for kidney, liver function test (LFT) for liver, Cardiac profile test for the heart, thyroid function test for thyroid disorders, Calcium, phosphorus, Alkaline phosphatase, and uric acid for bones and joints, similarly for nutrition status protein, albumin, globulin, albumin, and globulin ratio are tested, while arterial blood gas analysis (ABG) is mainly applied to monitor carbon dioxide and oxygen levels related to pulmonary (lung) function but is also used to measure blood pH and bicarbonate levels for certain metabolic conditions, glucose tolerance test (GTT) involves repeated testing to determine the rate at which glucose is processed by the body.
List of Tests
Glucose Test
- Fasting
- Post Prandial (PP)- 2 hours
- Random
- Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)-75gm/100gm
- Glucose Challenge Test (GCT)-50 gm
Renal Function test
- Urea
- Serum Creatinine
- Sodium (Na+)
- Potassium (K+)
Other tests
- Total calcium
- Serum inoragnic Calcium (iCa+)
- Uric Acid
- Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1C)
Liver Function test
- Total Bilirubin
- Direct Bilirubin
- Alkaline Phosphate
- Serum Glutamic-Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT) or Aspartate Aminotransferase(AST)
- Serum Glutamic-Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT) or Alanine Aminotransferase(ALT)
- Total Protein
- Albumin
Lipid Profile
- Total Cholesterol
- High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL)
- low-density lipoproteins (LDL)
- Triglyceride
Serum Lipase
Serum Amylase
Adenosine Deaminase (ADA ) Test for (serum/CSF/Fluid)
Unit and Normal Range
| Glucose Test | Value | Unit | Normal Range (SI Unit) | Conversion Factor |
| Fasting | mmol/L | 3.5-6.1 | (X18=mg/dL) | |
| PP (2hrs) | mmol/L | <8.3 | (X18=mg/dL) | |
| Random | mmol/L | 3.8-7.8 | (X18=mg/dL) | |
| OGTT (75gm/100gm) | mmol/L | (X18=mg/dL) | ||
| GCT(50 gm) | mmol/L | <7.8 | (X18=mg/dL) | |
| Renal Function test | ||||
| Urea | mmol/L | 1.6-7.0 | (X6=mg/dL) | |
| S. Creatinine | μmol/L | Male: 60-130;Female:40-110 | (X0.01131=mg/dL) | |
| Sodium | mEq/L | 135-148 | ||
| Potassium | mEq/L | 3.8-5.0 | ||
| Chloride | mEq/L | 60-150 | ||
| Other Tests | ||||
| Total calcium | mmol/L | 2.1-2.6 | (X4=mg/dL) | |
| S.Calcium (iCa+) | mmol/L | (X4=mg/dL) | ||
| Uric Acid | μmol/L | Male:200-400; Female:140-340 | ÷59.48=gm/ dl | |
| HbA1C | % | 5.7 | ||
| Prediabetes: 5.7-6.4 | ||||
| Diabetes:≥6.5 | ||||
| Liver Function test | ||||
| Total Bilirubin | μmol/L | 3-21 | ||
| Direct Bilirubin | μmol/L | 0-5 | ||
| Alkaline Phosphate | U/L | <306 | ||
| SGOT | U/L | 5-40 | ||
| SGPT | U/L | 5-45 | ||
| Total Protein | gm/L | 60- 80 | ÷10=gm/dl | |
| Albumin | gm/L | 37-49 | ÷10=gm/dl | |
| Lipid Profile | ||||
| Total Cholesterol | mmol/L | 3.5-5.1 | (X38.7=mg/dL) | |
| HDL | mmol/L | 0.8-1.6 | (X38.7=mg/dL) | |
| LDL | mmol/L | upto 4 | (X38.7=mg/dL) | |
| Triglyceride | mmol/L | 0.5-1.8 | (X88.57=mg/dL) | |
| S. Lipase | U/L | <60 | ||
| S. Amylase | U/L | 28-100 | ||
| ADA (serum/CSF/Fluid) | U/L | Seum<15,CSF<10;Fluid<40 | ||
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