Introduction
Table of Contents
Urine analysis is the broad term of laboratory medicine that deals with a variety of urine tests pertaining to our body. The tests are non-invasive, easy to perform even in a simple laboratory setup. Its application is mandatory to manage a wide range of disorders, such as urinary tract infections (UTIs), renal (kidney) disease, diabetes, and other metabolic disorders. A urinalysis involves checking physically, chemically, and microscopically the appearance, concentration, and content of urine specimens. Urine routine examination (R/E), Urine special tests, or urine tests all are part of Urine analysis.
List of Tests
Urine Routine Examination (R/E): It completes into following steps-
- Physical Examination
- Color
- Transparency
2. Chemical Examination
- pH
- Albumin
- Sugar
3. Microscopy
Urine Special Tests
- Bile Pigment
- Bile Salt
- Ketone bodies
- Pregnancy Test
- Others
Unit and Normal Range
| Urine Routine Examination (R/E) | |||
| Test | Finding | Unit | Normal Finding |
| Physical Examination | |||
| Color | Pale yellow | ||
| Transparency | Usually clear sometimes cloudy | ||
| Chemical Examination | |||
| Albumin | Absent/Nil | ||
| Sugar | Absent/Nil | ||
| Microscopy | |||
| Pus cells | /HPF | 2-3/HPF | |
| RBC | /HPF | Absent | |
| Epi. Cell | /HPF | M:2-3;FM:2-5/HPF | |
| Crystals | /HPF | May be present | |
| Cast | /HPF | Absent | |
| Others | |||
| Special Urine test | |||
| Bile Pigment | Neg /Pos | Absent | |
| Bile Salt | Neg /Pos | Absent | |
| Ketone bodies | Neg /Pos | Absent | |
| Pregnancy Test | Neg /Pos | ||
| Note: |
Suggestion
Always try to know who is testing your specimen because he or she is playing with body samples and the proper finding never ignores good track of your life in case of diagnosis, normal activities, and so on. To give this sense, your report should have the complete name of the examiner ( laboratory person), his/her signature, council number, and logo of the institution ( hospital/ diagnostic center).
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