Introduction of Diphtheria bacillus and Diphtheroids
Table of Contents
Diphtheria bacillus is also known as Klebs-Löffler bacillus and it is a Gram-positive nonmotile, club-shaped bacillus of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. C. diphtheriae is a causative agent of Diphtheria (a serious infection of the mucous membranes of the nose and throat). Diphtheroids are non-diphtherial species and they are part of normal human skin flora having property of aerobic, non-sporulating, pleomorphic Gram-positive rods which are more uniformly stained than C. diphtheriae, lack the metachromatic granules and are arranged in a palisade manner as shown in the figure.
Differences between Diphtheria bacillus and Diphtheroids
Differences between Diphtheria bacillus and Diphtheroids are as follows-
| S.No. | Property | Diphtheria bacillus | Diphtheroids |
| 1 | Gram Reaction | Weakly Gram-positive | Strongly Gram-positive |
| 2. | Metachromatic granules | Present | Absent |
| 3. | Arrangement of bacilli | Chinese letter pattern | Palisade arrangement |
| 4. | Pleomorphism | Present | Very little |
| 5. | Size and shape | Long and Chinese letter arrangement, slender | Short and thick bacilli |
| 6. | Culture on a basal medium like peptone water and nutrient agar | No growth | Growth |
| 7. | Tellurite blood agar | Generally rough colony | Smooth colony |
| 8. | Glucose and sucrose fermentation | Glucose only | Both glucose and sucrose |
| 9. | Toxigenicity | Positive | Negative |
| 10. | Organisms | Corynebacterium diphtheriae | Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, Corynebacterium renale, C. bovis, C. striatum, C. minutissimum, C. pseudodiphtheriticum, C. haemolyticum, etc |
| 11. | Pathogenicity | Highly pathogenic | Less pathogenic or commensals of the skin and mucous membranes |
| 12. | Infection | Diphtheria | Usually nosocomial infections |
Keynotes diphtheria bacillus and Diphtheroids
- The toxin gene is encoded by a prophage called corynephage β.
- The common symptoms of diphtheria include pharyngitis, fever, and swelling of the neck.
- The Elek immunodiffusion test is the most common in vitro assay for the toxigenicity of C. diphtheriae.
- Gravis, intermedius, mitis, and belfanti are biotypes of C. diphtheriae.
- Albert’s stain is used for diphtheria bacillus staining.
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