cold chain

Mycobacteriology – Specimen Packaging & Shipping: Introduction, Procedure, Application, Precaution, and Keynotes

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Introduction Mycobacteriology specimen packaging and shipping involve the standardized containment and transport of biological materials suspected of containing Mycobacterium species. Because organisms such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis are highly infectious airborne pathogens (Risk Group 3), their transport is strictly governed by the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) and …

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Ultra-Low Temperature (ULT) Freezer: Introduction, Principle, Handling Procedure, Application, and Keynotes

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Severe frost and ice accumulation blocking the inner doors of an ultra-low temperature laboratory freezer

Introduction An Ultra-Low Temperature (ULT) Freezer typically operates within the temperature range of -400C to -860C to safely preserve critical biological samples over long periods. Operating Principle ULT freezers rely on a two-stage cascade refrigeration system to achieve extreme temperatures: Handling Procedure Applications Keynotes Further …

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