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Introduction RBC cast, or red blood cell cast, is a type of urinary cast containing red blood cells embedded within a protein matrix. They are a strong indicator of bleeding within the kidney and are commonly associated with glomerular diseases, such as glomerulonephritis. Its presence in urine sediment …
Introduction Uremia is a serious condition caused by kidney failure. The word uremia” literally means “urine in the blood. It results when the kidneys cannot remove waste from the blood. Moreover, toxins accumulate and harm vital organs. Patients experience fatigue, nausea, and confusion. Furthermore, they …
Introduction The Beta-2 Microglobulin (B2M) test is a medical diagnostic test used to measure the level of beta-2 microglobulin in a person’s blood or urine. Beta-2 microglobulin is a small protein that is produced by all nucleated cells in the body and is an integral …