Alkaptonuria: Introduction, Symptoms, Causes, Lab Diagnosis, Treatment, and Keynotes

Alkaptonuria: Introduction, Symptoms, Causes, Lab Diagnosis, and Treatment

Introduction Alkaptonuria is an enzyme deficiency, homogentisic dioxygenase (HGD) rare inherited disorder. It is used to break down a toxic substance called homogentisic acid. Excess of homogentisic acid causes bones and cartilage to become discolored and brittle which causes later osteoarthritis, especially in the spine …

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Vitamin-D: Introduction, Normal Range in Blood, Daily Requirement, Clinical Significance, Symptoms, and Keynotes

Vitamin-D: Introduction, Normal Range in Blood, Daily Requirement, Clinical Significance, Symptoms, and Keynotes

Introduction of Vitamin-D Vitamin D is not a vitamin but a hormone or prohormone that is essential for maintaining healthy bones and teeth. It also helps in regulating inflammation, immune function, intestinal calcium absorption, and maintaining adequate blood levels of calcium and phosphorus, which are …

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