Introduction of Medical/Clinical Mycological Information links
Table of Contents
Nearly 1.5 million environmental fungal species out of which 8000 plant pathogens and 300 human pathogens respectively but such scenarios have changed rapidly in recent years. Prolonged steroid use, recent neutropenia, diabetes mellitus, cancer (AML), and rheumatologic conditions are the principal predisposing factors to fungal infections and they are increasing day by day. The responsibility for national/ international surveillance like fungal infection rate, antifungal resistance surveillance, and for outbreak investigation are mandatory to control fungal pathogens. Allylamine-resistant dermatophytes causing tinea infections are resistant to multiple antifungal drugs and they are increasing in Asian countries. Similarly, Candida auris is a newly emerging global pathogen that is antifungal resistant and rapidly spread in healthcare facilities with high mortality. Laboratory diagnosis of this etiological agent is not completed in a simple setup Mycology Laboratory and untrained mycologist.
The selective antifungal drug for the treatment of this novel species cannot be assayed by in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) due to the non-availability of reliable methodology and antifungal breakpoints. Thus, the outcome of dealing with this emerging fungal disease is very poor. 14.3 % of the global population i.e estimated 985 million suffer from superficial fungal infections (the fourth most prevalent chronic disease) responsible for considerable morbidity while nearly 830 million people suffer from serious fungal infections, and 1.6 million die yearly. The emergence of antifungal resistance in fungal etiological agents like Candida, Aspergillus, and dermatophytes has given a severe challenge in managing these infections clinicians. Due to the increasing importance of clinically relevant fungi, the WHO has included antifungal resistance surveillance under their GLASS (Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System). To make Medical/Clinical Mycology easier, the chapter contains numerous information platform links.
Institutions Links for Medical/Clinical Mycological Information links
- Asian Fungal Working Group (AFWG)-https://www.afwgonline.com/the-afwg/
- International Society For Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM)-https://www.isham.org
- Global Action For Fungal Infections-https://gaffi.org
- Leading International Fungal Education (LIFE)-https://www.life-worldwide.org
- Medical Mycological Society of America (MMSA):https://www.mycologicalsociety.org/
General Mycology Websites
- Mycology Online – http://www.mycology.adelaide.edu.au/
- Mycological Resources on the Internet: Collections http://mycology.cornell.edu/fcollect.html
- Doctor Fungus http://mycosesstudygroup.org/
- Aspergillus website http://www.aspergillus.org.uk/
- Mycetoma Research Center, Khartoum, Sudan https://www.mycetoma.edu.sd/
- Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium https://www.msgerc.org
- SEPTOMICS-Website https://www.septomics.de
Antifungals and treatment guidelines
- FungiMics app https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/fungimics/id1095747789?mt=8
- European Medicines Agency http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/
- Micafungin https://www.astellas.us/docs/mycamine.pdf
- Caspofungin https://www.merck.com/product/usa/pi_circulars/c/cancidas/cancidas_pi.pdf
- Posaconazole https://www.merck.com/product/usa/pi_circulars/n/noxafil/noxafil_pi.pdf
- Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines for fungal infection http://www.idsociety.org/Organism/#Fungi
- Access to Medicine Index https://accesstomedicineindex.org/
Fungal Identification
- Morphology of medically important fungihttp://labmed.ucsf.edu/education/residency/fung_morph/launchpage.html
- Mycology image gallery – https://eportal.mountsinai.ca/Microbiology//mig/index.shtml
- Atlas of Clinical Fungi http://www.clinicalfungi.org/
Fungal collections
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute (former CBS) http://www.westerdijkinstitute.nl/
- American Type Culture Collection https://www.atcc.org/
- Mycobank, central repository of species information http://www.mycobank.org/
- Fungal Genetics Stock Center http://www.fgsc.net/
- ARS Culture Collection (NRRL) – https://nrrl.ncaur.usda.gov/
- Belgian Co-ordinated Collections of Micro-organisms https://bccm.belspo.be
Genomics
- FungiDB http://fungidb.org/fungidb/
- The Broad Institute https://www.broadinstitute.org/fungal-genome-initiative
- JGI fungi portal http://genome.jgi.doe.gov/programs/fungi/index.jsf
- Fungal genome tools http://tools.fungalgenomes.org/
- Fungal genome resources at NCBI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3379888/
- Fungal genome-wide analysis of orthologous clusters http://www.bioinfogenome.net/OrthoVenn/
- Genomic tools http://molbiol-tools.ca/Genomics.htm
- RNA-seq analysis http://rnaseq.pathogenportal.org/
- Fungal genomes at Welcome Trust Sanger Institute http://www.sanger.ac.uk/resources/downloads/fungi/ Stanford Genomic Resources http://genome-www.stanford.edu/
Other Societies
- American Society of Microbiology https://www.asm.org/
- European Confederation of Medical Mycology https://www.ecmm.info/
- European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases https://www.escmid.org/
- International Mycological Association https://www.ima-mycology.org/
Phylogeny (webserver analysis)
- RAxML webserver (T-Rex) http://www.trex.uqam.ca/index.php?action=raxml&project=trex
- IQ-TREE http://iqtree.cibiv.univie.ac.at/
- Phylobayes http://www.atgc-montpellier.fr/phylobayes/
- MrBayes at MABL http://www.phylogeny.fr/one_task.cgi?task_type=mrbayes
- Moltools Phylogeny http://molbiol-tools.ca/Phylogeny.htm
Taxonomy
- Fungal tree of life – http://www.tolweb.org/tree/
- Index Fungorum http://www.indexfungorum.org/
- International Subcommission on Trichoderma and Hypocrea Taxonomy https://www.isth.info
- International Commission of Penicillium and Aspergillus https://www.aspergilluspenicillium.org/
Medical Mycology Journals
- Oxford Academic Medical Mycology@https://academic.oup.com/mmy/article/56/2/186/3835466
- supplementary-data Medical Mycology: Open Access @https://mycology.imedpub.com
- ISHAM jOURNAL: https://www.isham.org/journals
- Studies in Mycology: https://www.journals.elsevier.com/
- BMC- Fungal Biology and Biotechnology@https://www.biomedcentral.com/collections/mycology
- Italian Journal of Mycology@https://italianmycology.unibo.it
- Journal of Bacteriology & Mycology Open access(JBMOA) @https://medcraveonline.com
- Taylor& Francis Online Medical Mycology_https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/immy20/currentCurrent
- Medical Mycology@http://cmm.mazums.ac.ir
- Journal of Fungi_https://www.mdpi.com/journal/jof/special_issues/
- TIMM Medical Mycology: https://www.scimagojr.com/journalsearch.php?
- Medical Mycology: https://publons.com/journal/4626/medical-mycology/
- Wiley Online Library- Medical Mycology@https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/1365280x
- Journal of Mycology and Infection: https://koreamed.org/SearchBasic.php?
- Journal of Medical Mycology: https://www.em-consulte.com/revue/MYCMED/31/3/table-des-matieres/
- Medical mycology Journal@https://www.omicsonline.org/medical-mycology-journals-conferences-list.php
- Medical Mycology Journal: https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/browse/mmj/63/1/_contents/-char/en
- Note: Find Overall Ranking, Impact Score, h-index, Publisher, ISSN, and Other Important Details of Journals, Conferences, and Book Series@https://www.resurchify.com
- Editorial Note for ‘Medical Mycology’-a new section in the journal of medical Microbiology@https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.001077
- Medical Mycology (Journal):https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/activities/medical-mycology-journal(107a75bb-5736-41b5-931f-8a7a9c160dac).html
- Journal of Medical Mycology@ https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/journal-of-medical-mycology
- Medical Mycology: https://academic-accelerator.com/Impact-of-Journal/Medical-Mycology
Further Readings on Medical/Clinical Mycological Information links
- Fisher MC, Henk DA, Briggs CJ, Brownstein JS, Madoff LC, et al. Emerging fungal threats to animal, plant and ecosystem health. Nature 2012; 484:186–194
- Casadevall A, Kontoyiannis DP, Robert V. On the Emergence of Candida auris : Climate Change, Azoles, Swamps, and Birds. mBio 2019; 10:e013397–19
- Jones N. Planetary disasters: they could happen one night. Nature 2013; 493:154–156
- Editorial Stop neglecting fungi. Nat Microbiol 2017; 2:17120
- Lone SA, Ahmad A. Candida auris-the growing menace to global health. Mycoses 2019; 62:620–637
- The burden of fungal disease: new evidence to show the scale of the problem across the globe. leading international fungal education (life); 2017
- Head MG, Fitchett JR, Atun R, May RC. Systematic analysis of funding awarded for mycology research to institutions in the UK, 1997-2010. BMJ Open 2014; 4:e004129
- Wiederhold NP. Antifungal resistance: current trends and future strategies to combat. Infect Drug Resist 2017; 10:249–259
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