Treponema pallidum haemagglutination (TPHA) Test-Introduction, Test Result, Unit, Normal Range, Test Method, Clinical Significance, and Keynotes

Treponema pallidum haemagglutination (TPHA) Test-Introduction, Test Result, Unit, Normal Range, Test Method, Clinical Significance, and Keynotes

Introduction The Treponema pallidum haemagglutination (TPHA) test is a diagnostic blood test used to detect antibodies against the bacterium, Treponema pallidum, which is responsible for causing syphilis, a sexually transmitted infection (STI). The TPHA test is a specific and sensitive serological assay that aids in …

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TPHA Test: Introduction, Principle, Procedure, Result-Interpretation, Clinical Significance, and Keynotes

TPHA Test: Introduction, Principle, Procedure, Result-Interpretation, Clinical Significance, and Keynotes

Introduction of TPHA Test TPHA test  stands for Treponema pallidum hemagglutination. This is a confirmatory test for syphilis that is caused by a bacterium, T. pallidum. TPHA test is a sensitive indirect hemagglutination test, that detects specific Treponema pallidum antibodies in serum within one hour. It uses …

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VDRL Test: Introduction, Principle, Procedure, Result-Interpretation,Limitations, and Keynotes

VDRL Test Introduction,Principle, Procedure, Result-Interpretation,Limitations, and Keynotes

Introduction of VDRL Test VDRL stands for Veneral disease research laboratory. The laboratory was renamed the Treponemal Pathogenesis and Immunology Branch of the United States Public Health Service. The Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test is one of two variations of micro flocculation procedures used for serological testing …

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Some Typical Arrangements of Bacteria: List, Keynotes, and, Few Related Images

Some Typical Shape, Size and Arrangements of Bacteria

List of Some Typical Arrangements of Bacteria In this chapter, we discuss some typical arrangements of bacteria like Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, pneumococcus, Enterococcus, Micrococcus, Neisseria species, Bacillus anthracis, Diphtheroids, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Listeria monocytogenes, Vibrio cholerae, Campylobacter, Helicobacter, Treponema, Leptospira, Borrelia, etc. S.No. Arrangements  Organisms 1. Gram-positive cocci …

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