bile

Total Bilirubin Test-Introduction, Test Result, Unit, Reference Range, Test Methods, Clinical Significance, and Keynotes

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Introduction The Total Bilirubin Test measures bilirubin levels, indicating liver function and overall metabolic health. Moreover, it helps diagnose jaundice, which occurs due to excessive bilirubin in the blood. In addition, the test identifies liver diseases, including hepatitis, cirrhosis, and bile duct obstructions. Furthermore, elevated …

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Enterococcus gallinarum – Introduction, Morphology, Pathogenicity, Lab Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, and Keynotes

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E. gallunarum in Gram stain of culture showing Gram positive cocci in pairs

Introduction Enterococcus gallinarum is a Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic bacterium. It naturally inhabits the intestines of humans and animals. This bacterium exhibits intrinsic resistance to vancomycin. It can cause infections in immunocompromised patients. It is associated with urinary tract infections and bacteremia. Proper laboratory techniques are …

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