Simmons and Koser’s citrate: Introduction, Differences, and Keynotes

Citrate positive bacteria (blue), negative (no color change)

Introduction of Simmons and Koser’s citrate Simmons citrate medium is a solid medium due to having agar. It is also an indicator medium due to the presence of phenol red. To say test positive, there should be growth and color change of the medium. Koser’s …

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Citrate Utilization Test: Introduction Principle, Procedure, Result and Interpretation, Citrate Utilization Test Positive and Negative Bacteria List and keynotes

Citrate Utilization Test: Introduction Principle, Procedure, Result and Interpretation, Citrate Utilization Test Positive and Negative Bacteria List and keynotes

Introduction A citrate utilization test is the most commonly used routine biochemical test for Gram-negative rods in bacteriology for the identification of bacteria on the basis of citrate utilization. Klebsiella pneumoniae is the citrate utilization-positive organism while Escherichia coli is negative. Principle of Citrate Utilization Test …

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Common Formulae of Diagnostic Laboratory: Introduction, List of Formulae, and Description

Required Common Formulae of Diagnostic Laboratory

Introduction of Common Formulae of Diagnostic Laboratory The ‘Common Formulae of Diagnostic Laboratory’ title is really useful who are involved in the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine tests reporting as well as students who are related to this branch of health science. The author …

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Blood and Tissue DNA Extraction: Introduction, Test Requirements, Procedure, and Keynotes

Blood and Tissue DNA Extraction: Introduction, Test Requirements, Procedure and Keynotes

Introduction of Blood and Tissue DNA Extraction Advances in DNA technology have been created in the increased application of DNA tests. From paternity determination to criminal investigations and even disease diagnosis the accuracy and data provided mean that millions of people are now shifting to …

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SOP for pH Meter Calibration and Performing Measurements: Introduction, Requirements, and Procedure

SOP for pH Meter Calibration and Performing Measurement: Introduction, Requirements and Procedure

Introduction of SOP for pH Meter Calibration and Performing Measurements A standard operating procedure (SOP) for pH Meter Calibration and Performing Measurements is really useful since we have to face numerous tests in Research as well as Diagnostic laboratories. e.g. Buffer preparation, maintaining a buffer …

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Catalase Test: Introduction, Principle, Procedure, Result Interpretation, and Precautions

Catalase Test- Introduction, Principle, Procedure, Result Interpretation and Precautions

Introduction of Catalase Test The catalase test is the most common in bacteriology and is commonly used to differentiate those bacteria that produce this enzyme, such as staphylococci, from non-catalase producing bacteria such as streptococci. It is two types depending on the testing methods and they …

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Oxidase Test for Bacteria: Introduction, Principle, Procedure, Result Interpretation, and Keynotes

Oxidase Test for Bacteria: Introduction, Principle, Procedure, Result Interpretation and Keynotes

Introduction of Oxidase Test (Kovac’s Method)  Gordon and McLeod introduced the application of a dimethyl-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride solution to test for the presence of oxidase systems in 1928. In particular, they used the test to differentiate N. gonorrhoeae (oxidase test positive) from Staphylococcus species and Streptococcus species (oxidase negative). The sensitivity of the …

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Body Fluid Analysis: Introduction, List of Tests, Unit and Normal Range

Body Fluid Analysis Introduction, List of Tests, Unit and Normal Range

Introduction of Body Fluid Analysis Body fluid or cavity fluid is the fluid that covers our vital organs that not only reduces friction between the membranes but also delivers oxygen and nutrients to the cells, and takes away waste materials, which are then eliminated with …

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