Moraxella catarrhalis: Introduction, Morphology, Pathogenicity, Lab Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, and Keynotes

Gram negative cocci in pairs (diplococci) of Moraxella catarrhalis in Gram staining of culture microscopy at a magnification

Introduction Moraxella catarrhalis is a Gram-negative, aerobic bacterium that belongs to the Moraxellaceae family. It is a non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium, and it is typically found in the upper respiratory tract of humans as a commensal organism. Though generally considered a commensal, M. catarrhalis can also …

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Butyrate Disk Test: Introduction, Principle,Test Requirements, Procedure, Result-Interpretation, Keynotes, and Limitations

Butyrate Disk Test-Positive

Introduction of Butyrate Disk Test  Butyrate disk test is useful to differentiate Moraxella catarrhalis from Neisseria species like Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria lactamica. Principle of Butyrate Disk Test  The butyrate disk test is a rapid test for the detection of the enzyme butyrate esterase. Bromochloro-indolyl butyrate (IB)  is the substrate. Hydrolysis …

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